Question & Answer

How do parents determine who claims the child as a dependent if the child is a qualifying child of both parents when the parents are divorced or file separate tax returns?

: Contrast the hierarchical and decentralized methods of control.

Assume Jack and Jill, 25 and 75 percent shareholders, respectively, in UpAHill Corporation, have tax bases in their shares at the beginning of year 1 of $24,000 and $56,000, respectively. Also assume no distributions were made. Given the income statement above, what are their tax bases in their shares at the end of year 1?

(Corrected Trial Balance) The trial balance of Watteau Co. (shown on the next page) does not balance.   Each of the listed accounts should have a normal balance per the general ledger. An examination of the ledger and journal reveals the following errors. 1. Cash received from a customer on account was debited for $570, and Accounts Receivable was credited for the same amount. The actual collection was for $750. 2. The purchase of a computer printer on account for $500 was recorded as a debit to Supplies for $500 and a credit to Accounts Payable for $500. 3. Services were performed on account for a client for $890. Accounts Receivable was debited for $890 and Service Revenue was credited for $89. 4. A payment of $65 for telephone charges was recorded as a debit to Office Expense for $65 and a debit to Cash for $65. 5. When the Unearned Service Revenue account was reviewed, it was found that service revenue amounting to $325 was performed prior to June 30 (related to Unearned Service Revenue). 6. A debit posting to Salaries and Wages Expense of $670 was omitted. 7. A payment on account for $206 was credited to Cash for $206 and credited to Accounts Payable for $260. 8. A dividend of $575 was debited to Salaries and Wages Expense for $575 and credited to Cash for $575. Instructions Prepare a correct trial balance. (Note: It may be necessary to add one or more accounts to the trial balance.)

LaTour Inc. is based in France and prepares its financial statements in accordance with IFRS. In 2014, it reported cost of goods sold of $578 million and average inventory of $154 million. Briefly discuss how analysis of LaTour’s inventory turnover (and comparisons to a company using GAAP) might be affected by differences in inventory accounting between IFRS and GAAP.

How does high credit risk affect the yield offered on securities? (LO1)

At December 31, 2014, Coburn Corp. has assets of $10,000,000, liabilities of $6,000,000, common stock of $2,000,000 (representing 2,000,000 shares of $1 par common stock), and retained earnings of $2,000,000. Net sales for the year 2014 were $18,000,000, and net income was $800,000. As auditors of this company, you are making a review of subsequent events on February 13, 2015, and you find the following. 1. On February 3, 2015, one of Coburn’s customers declared bankruptcy. At December 31, 2014, this company owed Coburn $300,000, of which $60,000 was paid in January 2015. 2. On January 18, 2015, one of the three major plants of the client burned. 3. On January 23, 2015, a strike was called at one of Coburn’s largest plants, which halted 30% of its production. As of today (February 13), the strike has not been settled. 4. A major electronics enterprise has introduced a line of products that would compete directly with Coburn’s primary line, now being produced in a specially designed new plant. Because of manufacturing innovations, the competitor has been able to achieve quality similar to that of Coburn’s products but at a price 50% lower. Coburn officials say they will meet the lower prices, which are high enough to cover variable manufacturing and selling costs but which permit recovery of only a portion of fixed costs. 5. Merchandise traded in the open market is recorded in the company’s records at $1.40 per unit on December 31, 2014. This price had prevailed for 2 weeks, after release of an official market report that predicted vastly enlarged supplies; however, no purchases were made at $1.40. The price throughout the preceding year had been about $2, which was the level experienced over several years. On January 18, 2015, the price returned to $2, after public disclosure of an error in the official calculations of the prior December, correction of which destroyed the expectations of excessive supplies. Inventory at December 31, 2015, was on a lower-of-cost-or-market basis. 6. On February 1, 2015, the board of directors adopted a resolution accepting the offer of an investment banker to guarantee the marketing of $1,200,000 of preferred stock. Instructions State in each case how the 2014 financial statements would be affected, if at all.

Indicate the mathematical equation for the flow curve

Are taxpayers allowed to claim depreciation on assets they use for both business and personal purposes? What are the tax consequences if the business use drops from above 50 percent in one year to below 50 percent in the next?

Incurring long-term debt with an arrangement whereby lenders receive an option to buy common stock during all or a portion of the time the debt is outstanding is a frequent corporate financing practice. In some situations, the result is achieved through the issuance of convertible bonds; in others, the debt instruments and the warrants to buy stock are separate. Instructions (a) (1) Describe the differences that exist in current accounting for original proceeds of the issuance of convertible bonds and of debt instruments with separate warrants to purchase common stock. (2) Discuss the underlying rationale for the differences described in (a)(1) above. (3) Summarize the arguments that have been presented in favor of accounting for convertible bonds in the same manner as accounting for debt with separate warrants. (b) At the start of the year, Huish Company issued $18,000,000 of 12% bonds along with detachable warrants to buy 1,200,000 shares of its $10 par value common stock at $18 per share. The bonds mature over the next 10 years, starting one year from date of issuance, with annual maturities of $1,800,000. At the time, Huish had 9,600,000 shares of common stock outstanding. The company received $20,040,000 for the bonds and the warrants. For Huish Company, 12% was a relatively low borrowing rate. If offered alone, at this time, the bonds would have sold in the market at a 22% discount. Prepare the journal entry (or entries) for the issuance of the bonds and warrants for the cash consideration received.

What is the sequence of processing steps required to produce finished rubber goods?

Horizon Outfitters Company includes in its trial balance for December 31 an item for Accounts Receivable $789,000. This balance consists of the following items: Due from regular customers $523,000 Refund receivable on prior year’s income taxes (an established claim) 15,500 Travel advance to employees 22,000 Loan to wholly owned subsidiary 45,500 Advances to creditors for goods ordered 61,000 Accounts receivable assigned as security for loans payable 75,000 Notes receivable past due plus interest on these notes 47,000 Total $789,000 Illustrate how these items should be shown in the balance sheet as of December 31.

What is the policy directive, and who carries it out? (LO2)

In general, how are unincorporated business entities classified for tax purposes?

What is the Antioch process?

How is money supply growth affected by an increase in the reserve requirement ratio? (LO2)

Under what conditions should a contingent liability be recorded?

Anne Cleves Company reported the following amounts in the stockholders’ equity section of its December 31, 2013, balance sheet. Preferred stock, 10%, $100 par (10,000 shares authorized, 2,000 shares issued) $200,000 Common stock, $5 par (100,000 shares authorized, 20,000 shares issued) 100,000 Additional paid-in capital 125,000 Retained earnings 450,000 Total $875,000 During 2014, Cleves took part in the following transactions concerning stockholders’ equity. 1. Paid the annual 2013 $10 per share dividend on preferred stock and a $2 per share dividend on common stock. These dividends had been declared on December 31, 2013. 2. Purchased 1,700 shares of its own outstanding common stock for $40 per share. Cleves uses the cost method. 3. Reissued 700 treasury shares for land valued at $30,000. 4. Issued 500 shares of preferred stock at $105 per share. 5. Declared a 10% stock dividend on the outstanding common stock when the stock is selling for $45 per share. 6. Issued the stock dividend. 7. Declared the annual 2014 $10 per share dividend on preferred stock and the $2 per share dividend on common stock. These dividends are payable in 2015. Instructions (a) Prepare journal entries to record the transactions described above. (b) Prepare the December 31, 2014, stockholders’ equity section. Assume 2014 net income was $330,000.

Book What is the Beige book, and why is it important to the FOMC? (LO2)

Thomas Corporation’s adjusted trial balance contained the following liability accounts at December 31, 2014: Bonds Payable (due in 3 years) $100,000; Accounts Payable $72,000; Notes Payable (due in 90 days) $22,500; Salaries and Wages Payable $4,000; Income Taxes Payable $7,000. Prepare the current liabilities section of the balance sheet.

Describe the ways that insurance firms are utilizing innovative technologies to provide their services. (LO4)

Assume that on January 1, 2014, Elmer’s Restaurants sells a computer system to Liquidity Finance Co. for $680,000 and immediately leases the computer system back. The relevant information is as follows. 1. The computer was carried on Elmer’s books at a value of $600,000. 2. The term of the noncancelable lease is 10 years; title will transfer to Elmer. 3. The lease agreement requires equal rental payments of $110,666.81 at the end of each year. 4. The incremental borrowing rate for Elmer is 12%. Elmer is aware that Liquidity Finance Co. set the annual rental to insure a rate of return of 10%. 5. The computer has a fair value of $680,000 on January 1, 2014, and an estimated economic life of 10 years. 6. Elmer pays executory costs of $9,000 per year. Instructions Prepare the journal entries for both the lessee and the lessor for 2014 to reflect the sale and leaseback agreement. No uncertainties exist, and collectibility is reasonably certain.

Chapman Company, a major retailer of bicycles and accessories, operates several stores and is a publicly traded company. The comparative balance sheet and income statement for Chapman as of May 31, 2014, are as follows. The company is preparing its statement of cash flows. CHAPMAN COMPANY COMPARATIVE BALANCE SHEET AS OF MAY 31 2014 2013 Current assets Cash $ 28,250 $ 20,000 Accounts receivable 75,000 58,000 Inventory 220,000 250,000 Prepaid expenses 9,000 7,000 Total current assets 332,250 335,000 Plant assets Plant assets 600,000 502,000 Less: Accumulated depreciation—plant assets 150,000 125,000 Net plant assets 450,000 377,000 Total assets $782,250 $712,000 Current liabilities Accounts payable $123,000 $115,000 Salaries and wages payable 47,250 72,000 Interest payable 27,000 25,000 Total current liabilities 197,250 212,000 Long-term debt Bonds payable 70,000 100,000 Total liabilities 267,250 312,000 Stockholders’ equity Common stock, $10 par 370,000 280,000 Retained earnings 145,000 120,000 Total stockholders’ equity 515,000 400,000 Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $782,250 $712,000 CHAPMAN COMPANY INCOME STATEMENT FOR THE YEAR ENDED MAY 31, 2014 Sales revenue $1,255,250 Cost of goods sold 722,000 Gross profi t 533,250 Expenses Salaries and wages expense 252,100 Interest expense 75,000 Depreciation expense 25,000 Other expenses 8,150 Total expenses 360,250 Operating income 173,000 Income tax expense 43,000 Net income $ 130,000 The following is additional information concerning Chapman’s transactions during the year ended May 31, 2014. 1. All sales during the year were made on account. 2. All merchandise was purchased on account, comprising the total accounts payable account. 3. Plant assets costing $98,000 were purchased by paying $28,000 in cash and issuing 7,000 shares of stock. 4. The “other expenses” are related to prepaid items. 5. All income taxes incurred during the year were paid during the year. 6. In order to supplement its cash, Chapman issued 2,000 shares of common stock at par value. 7. Cash dividends of $105,000 were declared and paid at the end of the fiscal year. Instructions (a) Compare and contrast the direct method and the indirect method for reporting cash flows from operating activities. (b) Prepare a statement of cash flows for Chapman Company for the year ended May 31, 2014, using the direct method. Be sure to support the statement with appropriate calculations. (A reconciliation of net income to net cash provided is not required.) (c) Using the indirect method, calculate only the net cash flow from operating activities for Chapman Company for the year ended May 31, 2014.

On January 1, 2014, Norma Smith and Grant Wood formed a computersales and service company in Soapsville, Arkansas, by investing $90,000 cash. The new company,Arkansas Sales and Service, has the following transactions during January. 1. Pays $6,000 in advance for 3 months’ rent of office, showroom, and repair space. 2. Purchases 40 personal computers at a cost of $1,500 each, 6 graphics computers at a cost of $2,500 each, and 25 printers at a cost of $300 each, paying cash upon delivery. 3. Sales, repair, and office employees earn $12,600 in salaries and wages during January, of which $3,000 was still payable at the end of January. 4. Sells 30 personal computers at $2,550 each, 4 graphics computers for $3,600 each, and 15 printers for $500 each; $75,000 is received in cash in January, and $23,400 is sold on a deferred payment basis. 5. Other operating expenses of $8,400 are incurred and paid for during January; $2,000 of incurred expenses are payable at January 31. Instructions (a) Using the transaction data above, prepare (1) a cash-basis income statement and (2) an accrual-basis income statement for the month of January. (b) Using the transaction data above, prepare (1) a cash-basis balance sheet and (2) an accrual-basis balance sheet as of January 31, 2014. (c) Identify the items in the cash-basis financial statements that make cash-basis accounting inconsistent with the theory underlying the elements of financial statements.

Explain why private equity funds use a very high degree of financial leverage, and how this affects their risk and potential return on investment. (LO1)