Question & Answer

The following items relate to operations in a recent year. 1. Serious pressure was placed on profitability by sharply increasing raw material prices. Some raw materials increased in price 50% during the past year. Cost containment programs were instituted and product prices were increased whenever possible, which resulted in profit margins actually improving over the course of the year. 2. The company entered into a revolving credit agreement, under which UTC may borrow the lesser of $15,000,000 or 80% of eligible accounts receivable. At the end of the year, approximately $4,000,000 was outstanding under this agreement. The company plans to use this line of credit in the upcoming year to finance operations and expansion. Instructions (a) Should investors be informed of raw materials price increases, such as described in item 1? Does the fact that the company successfully met the challenge of higher prices affect the answer? Explain. (b) How should the information in item 2 be presented in the financial statements of UTC?

If you had to explain or define “generally acceptedaccounting principles or standards,” what essential characteristicswould you include in your explanation?

List several different sources of information used in job costing, and explain why this information is required.

Corp. had $100,000 of 7%, $20 par value preferred stock and 12,000 shares of $25 par value common stock outstanding throughout 2014. (a) Assuming that total dividends declared in 2014 were$64,000, and that the preferred stock is not cumulative but is fully participating, common stockholders should receive 2014 dividends of what amount? (b) Assuming that total dividends declared in 2014 were $64,000, and that the preferred stock is fully participating and cumulative with preferred dividends in arrears for 2013, preferred stockholders should receive 2014 dividends totaling what amount? (c) Assuming that total dividends declared in 2014 were $30,000, that the preferred stock is cumulative, nonparticipating, and was issued on January 1, 2013, and that $5,000 of preferred dividends were declared and paid in 2013, the common stockholders should receive 2014 dividends totaling what amount?

Describe the mechanical limitation on the deduction for interest on qualified educational loans.

Conan O’Brien Logging and Lumber Company owns 3,000 acres of timberland on the north side of Mount Leno, which was purchased in 2002 at a cost of $550 per acre. In 2014, O’Brien began selectively logging this timber tract. In May 2014, Mount Leno erupted, burying the timberland of O’Brien under a foot of ash. All of the timber on the O’Brien tract was downed. In addition, the logging roads, built at a cost of $150,000, were destroyed, as well as the logging equipment, with a net book value of $300,000. At the time of the eruption, O’Brien had logged 20% of the estimated 500,000 board feet of timber. Prior to the eruption, O’Brien estimated the land to have a value of $200 per acre after the timber was harvested. O’Brien includes the logging roads in the depletion base. O’Brien estimates it will take 3 years to salvage the downed timber at a cost of $700,000. The timber can be sold for pulp wood at an estimated price of $3 per board foot. The value of the land is unknown, but must be considered nominal due to future uncertainties. Instructions (a) Determine the depletion cost per board foot for the timber harvested prior to the eruption of Mount Leno. (b) Prepare the journal entry to record the depletion prior to the eruption. (c) If this tract represents approximately half of the timber holdings of O’Brien, determine the amount of the extraordinary loss due to the eruption of Mount Leno for the year ended December 31, 2014.

William is a single writer (age 35) who recently decided that he needs to save more for retirement. His current year AGI before the IRA contribution deduction is $80,000 (all earned income). a. If he does not participate in an employer-sponsored plan, what is the maximum deductible IRA contribution William can make for the current year? b. If he does participate in an employer-sponsored plan, what is the maximum deductible IRA contribution William can make for the current year? c. Assume the same facts as in part (b), except William’s AGI before the IRA contribution deduction is $89,000. What is the maximum deductible IRA contribution William can make for the current year?

What is an integrated circuit?

: Think about the highly publicized safety grounding of Boeing’s 737 MAX jetliner. One observer said that the goal of profit had taken precedence over the goal of safety within the company. Do you think managers can succeed at both profit and safety simultaneously? DOrganizational effectiveness is the degree to which the organization achieves a stated goal or succeeds in accomplishing what it tries to do. Organizational efficiency refers to the amount of resources used to achieve an organizational goal. It is based on how much raw materials, money, and people are necessary for producing a given volume of output. The ultimate responsibility of managers is to achieve high performance, which is the organization’s ability to attain its goals by using resources in an efficient and effective manner. Although efficiency and effectiveness are both important for performance, most people would probably say that effectiveness is the more important concept. The reason is that internal efficiency has no value if it does not enable the organization to achieve its goals and respond to the external environment. On the other hand, an organization that is effective does achieve its goals, by definition. One of these goals should involve continuously increasing efficiency. Managers can and should improve both efficiency and effectiveness simultaneously. As noted above, one of any organization’s primary goals should be to continuously improve efficiency. To the extent that the organization increases its success in achieving this goal, along with others, its effectiveness also improves.

On January 1, 2014, Bonanza Wholesalers Inc. adopted the dollar-value LIFO inventory method for income tax and external financial reporting purposes. However, Bonanza continued to use the FIFO inventory method for internal accounting and management purposes. In applying the LIFO method, Bonanza uses internal conversion price indexes and the multiple pools approach under which substantially identical inventory items are grouped into LIFO inventory pools. The following data were available for inventory pool no. 1, which comprises products A and B, for the 2 years following the adoption of LIFO. FIFO Basis per Records Unit Total Units Cost Cost Inventory, 1/1/14 Product A 10,000 $30 $300,000 Product B 9,000 25 225,000 $525,000 Inventory, 12/31/14 Product A 17,000 36 $612,000 Product B 9,000 26 234,000 $846,000 Inventory, 12/31/15 Product A 13,000 40 $520,000 Product B 10,000 32 320,000 $840,000 Instructions (a) Prepare a schedule to compute the internal conversion price indexes for 2014 and 2015. Round indexes to two decimal places. (b) Prepare a schedule to compute the inventory amounts at December 31, 2014 and 2015, using the dollar-value LIFO inventory method.

Vargo Company has bonds payable outstanding in the amount of $500,000, and the Premium on Bonds Payable account has a balance of $7,500. Each $1,000 bond is convertible into 20 shares of preferred stock of par value of $50 per share. All bonds are converted into preferred stock. Instructions Assuming that the book value method was used, what entry would be made?

Allocating overhead; over- and underapplied overhead; spoilage The Futons for You Company sells batches of custom-made futons to customers and uses predetermined rates for fixed overhead, based on machine hours. The following data are available for last year:     Required (a)          Calculate the estimated overhead allocation rate to be used for the year. (b)          Determine the overhead to be allocated to job 21. (c)           Determine total overapplied or underapplied overhead at the end of the year. (d)          Should cost of sales be increased or decreased at the end of the year? Why? (e)           If the amount of overapplied or underapplied overhead is material, how is it assigned? (f)           Suppose Job 21 required a special fabric cover for the futon pads. This type of fabric dulls the blades of the cutting machine, and a number of fabric covers were unusable. Should this spoilage be recorded for Job 21 or for all jobs processed this period? Explain your answer.

Evaluating a reward system You are on the board of a computer software company that has three distinct divisions: home networks, small business systems and ERP systems. In a bid to encourage higher performance, it has been proposed that the company would benefit from creating a reward system with a profit-sharing component for divisional managers. At present, divisional managers are paid a fixed salary. The proposal is for the company to pool 5 per cent of the company’s profits each month and pay this amount at the end of the year based on divisional managers’ performance against targets. The targets will be set in the preliminary performance review at the beginning of the year. Targets will cover both divisional and company-wide performance. It is thought that this approach will encourage a commitment to the organisation and encourage individuals to strive for better results. There will be a vote for the current proposal at the next board meeting.   Required (a) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the proposal. (b) Outline an alternative reward system. (LO2 and 4)

Bandung Corporation began 2014 with a $92,000 balance in the Deferred Tax Liability account. At the end of 2014, the related cumulative temporary difference amounts to $350,000, and it will reverse evenly over the next 2 years. Pretax accounting income for 2014 is $525,000, the tax rate for all years is 40%, and taxable income for 2014 is $405,000. Instructions (a) Compute income taxes payable for 2014. (b) Prepare the journal entry to record income tax expense, deferred income taxes, and income taxes payable for 2014. (c) Prepare the income tax expense section of the income statement for 2014 beginning with the line “Income before income taxes.”

Cordero Corporation has an employee stock-purchase plan which permits all full-time employees to purchase 10 shares of common stock on the third anniversary of their employment and an additional 15 shares on each subsequent anniversary date. The purchase price is set at the market price on the date purchased and no commission is charged. Discuss whether this plan would be consideredcompensatory.

Describe in words what the Merchant equation tells us

Stan Conner and Mark Stein were discussing the presentation format of the statement of cash flows of Bombeck Co. At the bottom of Bombeck’s statement of cash flows was a separate section entitled “Noncash investing and financing activities.” Give three examples of significant non-cash transactions that would be reported in this section.

What is meant by robust design, as defined by Taguchi?

Crosley Company, a machinery dealer, leased a machine to Dexter Corporation on January 1, 2014. The lease is for an 8-year period and requires equal annual payments of $35,013 at the beginning of each year. The first payment is received on January 1, 2014. Crosley had purchased the machine during 2013 for $160,000. Collectibility of lease payments is reasonably predictable, and no important uncertainties surround the amount of costs yet to be incurred by Crosley. Crosley set the annual rental to ensure an 11% rate of return. The machine has an economic life of 10 years with no residual value and reverts to Crosley at the termination of the lease. Instructions (a) Compute the amount of the lease receivable. (b) Prepare all necessary journal entries for Crosley for 2014.

To what extent do the costs used to value inventories for external financial reporting support internal management decisions on issues such as whether to accept a special, one-off order or whether to outsource part or all of the production process?

Instructions Go to the book’s companion website or the company websites and use information found there to answer the following questions related to UAL, Inc. and Southwest Airlines. (a) What types of leases are used by Southwest and on what assets are these leases primarily used? (b) How long-term are some of Southwest’s leases? What are some of the characteristics or provisions of Southwest’s (as lessee) leases? (c) What did Southwest report in 2011 as its future minimum annual rental commitments under noncancelable leases? (d) At year-end 2011, what was the present value of the minimum rental payments under Southwest’s capital leases? How much imputed interest was deducted from the future minimum annual rental commitments to arrive at the present value? (e) What were the amounts and details reported by Southwest for rental expense in 2011, 2010, and 2009? (f) How does UAL’s use of leases compare with Southwest’s?

Matt Holmes recently joined Klax Company as a staff accountant in the controller’s office. Klax Company provides warehousing services for companies in several European cities. The location in Koblenz, Germany, has not been performing well due to increased competition and the loss of several customers that have recently gone out of business. Matt’s department manager suspects that the plant and equipment may be impaired and wonders whether those assets should be written down. Given the company’s prior success, this issue has never arisen in the past, and Matt has been asked to conduct some research on this issue. Instructions Access the IFRS authoritative literature at the IASB website (http://eifrs.iasb.org/). (Click on the IFRS tab andthen register for free eIFRS access if necessary.) When you have accessed the documents, you can use thesearch tool in your Internet browser to respond to the following questions. (Provide paragraph citations.) (a) What is the authoritative guidance for asset impairments? Briefly discuss the scope of the standard (i.e., explain the types of transactions to which the standard applies). (b) Give several examples of events that would cause an asset to be tested for impairment. Does it appear that Klax should perform an impairment test? Explain. (c) What is the best evidence of fair value? Describe alternate methods of estimating fair value.

Reward systems for different levels of employees Freshwater is an entity that processes and distributes bottled water throughout Australia and New Zealand. You have been employed as a remuneration consultant to develop a new reward system for the entity.   Required Explain how you would develop an incentive plan for the CEO, the divisional manager of the process division, and the sales manager who arranges customer sales. How are the reward systems similar? How are the reward systems different? (LO2 and 4)

Jill Accardo, M.D., maintains the accounting records of Accardo Clinic on a cash basis. During 2014, Dr. Accardo collected $142,600 from her patients and paid $55,470 in expenses. At January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2014, she had accounts receivable, unearned service revenue, accrued expenses, and prepaid expenses as follows. (All long-lived assets are rented.)   Instructions Prepare a schedule that converts Dr. Accardo’s “excess of cash collected over cash disbursed” for the year 2014 to net income on an accrual basis for the year 2014.

Holyfield Corporation wishes to exchange a machine used in its operations. Holyfield has received the following offers from other companies in the industry. 1. Dorsett Company offered to exchange a similar machine plus $23,000. (The exchange has commercial substance for both parties.) 2. Winston Company offered to exchange a similar machine. (The exchange lacks commercial substance for both parties.) 3. Liston Company offered to exchange a similar machine, but wanted $3,000 in addition to Holyfield’s machine. (The exchange has commercial substance for both parties.) In addition, Holyfield contacted Greeley Corporation, a dealer in machines. To obtain a new machine, Holyfield must pay $93,000 in addition to trading in its old machine. Date Amount July 30, 2014 $ 900,000 January 30, 2015 1,500,000 May 30, 2015 1,600,000 Total payments $4,000,000 Holyfield Dorsett Winston Liston Greeley Machine cost $160,000 $120,000 $152,000 $160,000 $130,000 Accumulated depreciation 60,000 45,000 71,000 75,000 –0– Fair value 92,000 69,000 92,000 95,000 185,000 Instructions For each of the four independent situations, prepare the journal entries to record the exchange on the books of each company.