Question & Answer

Give some other examples of choices that governments had to make during the pandemic. To what extent were they economic choices?

Cost variance analysis; use of variance information Baker Street Animal Clinic uses a particular serum routinely in its vaccination program. Veterinarian technicians give the injections. The standard dose is 10cc per injection, and the cost has been $100 per 1000cc. According to records, 2000 injections were administered last month at a serum cost of $2270. The veterinarian noted that the serum for the injections should have cost $2000 [($0.10 per cc) × (10cc per injection) × (2000 injections)]. Moreover, she noted some carelessness in handling the serum that could easily lead to unnecessary waste. When this issue was brought to the attention of the technicians, together with the $270 discrepancy in costs, they claimed that the $270 excess costs must be due to the inflated prices charged by the veterinarian supply company. Purchasing records reveal that the price for the serum used last month had indeed increased to $105 per 1000cc.   Required (a)     Provide variance calculations to help you evaluate the technicians’ argument. (b)     Discuss whether a significant waste of serum occurred last month. Include quantitative and qualitative information in your discussion. (c)     If you were the manager for the Baker Street Animal Clinic, how would you use the results of your analyses in parts (a) and (b)? Explain.

Compare and contrast the tax and financial accounting treatment of goodwill. Are taxpayers allowed to deduct amounts associated with self-created goodwill?

The yield of good chips in multiprobe for a certain batch of wafers is 83%. The wafers have a diameter of 150 mm with a processable area that is 140 mm in diameter. If the defects are all assumed to be point defects, determine the density of point defects using the Bose-Einstein method of estimating yield.

In year 0, Canon purchased a machine to use in its business for $56,000. In year 3, Canon sold the machine for $42,000. Between the date of the purchase and the date of the sale, Canon depreciated the machine by $32,000.  a. What are the amount and character of the gain or loss Canon will recognize on the sale, assuming that it is a partnership?  b. What are the amount and character of the gain or loss Canon will recognize on the sale, assuming that it is a corporation? c. What are the amount and character of the gain or loss Canon will recognize on the sale, assuming that it is a corporation and the sale proceeds were increased to $60,000?  d. What are the amount and character of the gain or loss Canon will recognize on the sale, assuming that it is a corporation and the sale proceeds were decreased to $20,000?

Continuous tubing is produced in a plastic extrusion operation through a die orifice whose outside diameter = 2.0 in and inside diameter = 1.5 in. The extruder barrel diameter = 5.0 in and length = 12 ft. The screw rotates at 50 rev/min; it has a channel depth = 0.30 in and flight angle = 16°. The head pressure has a value of 350 lb/in2 and the viscosity of the polymer melt is 90 x 10-4 lb-sec/in2 . Under these conditions, what is the production rate in length of tube/min, given that the die swell ratio is 1.25.

Define the terms ‘sustainability’, ‘sustainability management’ and ‘sustainability management accounting’.

Henry Quincy wants to withdraw $30,000 each year for 10 years from a fund that earns 8% interest. How much must he invest today if the first withdrawal is at year-end? How much must he invest today if the first withdrawal takes place immediately?

North Pier Company entered into a two-year swap agreement, which would provide fixed-rate payments for floating-rate payments. Over the next two years, interest rates declined. Based on these conditions, did North Pier Company benefit from the swap? (LO1)

What are the basic problems that occur in the valuation of accounts receivable?

Incurring long-term debt with an arrangement whereby lenders receive an option to buy common stock during all or a portion of the time the debt is outstanding is a frequent corporate financing practice. In some situations, the result is achieved through the issuance of convertible bonds; in others, the debt instruments and the warrants to buy stock are separate. Instructions (a) (1) Describe the differences that exist in current accounting for original proceeds of the issuance of convertible bonds and of debt instruments with separate warrants to purchase common stock. (2) Discuss the underlying rationale for the differences described in (a)(1) above. (3) Summarize the arguments that have been presented in favor of accounting for convertible bonds in the same manner as accounting for debt with separate warrants. (b) At the start of the year, Huish Company issued $18,000,000 of 12% bonds along with detachable warrants to buy 1,200,000 shares of its $10 par value common stock at $18 per share. The bonds mature over the next 10 years, starting one year from date of issuance, with annual maturities of $1,800,000. At the time, Huish had 9,600,000 shares of common stock outstanding. The company received $20,040,000 for the bonds and the warrants. For Huish Company, 12% was a relatively low borrowing rate. If offered alone, at this time, the bonds would have sold in the market at a 22% discount. Prepare the journal entry (or entries) for the issuance of the bonds and warrants for the cash consideration received.

What are the primary factors to consider when deciding whether a worker should be considered an employee or a self-employed taxpayer for tax purposes?

] Marco, Jaclyn, and Carrie formed Daxing Partnership (a calendar-year-end entity) by contributing cash 10 years ago. Each partner owns an equal interest in the partnership and has an outside basis in their partnership interest of $104,000. On January 1 of the current year, Marco sells his partnership interest to Ryan for a cash payment of $137,000. The partnership has the following assets and no liabilities as of the sale date: Tax Basis Fair Market Value Cash $ 18,000 $ 18,000 Accounts receivable -0- 12,000 Inventory 69,000 81,000 Equipment 180,000 225,000 Stock investment 45,000 75,000    Totals $ 312,000 $ 411,000 The equipment was purchased for $240,000, and the partnership has taken $60,000 of depreciation. The stock was purchased seven years ago. a. What are the hot assets [§751(a)] for this sale? b. What is Marco’s gain or loss on the sale of his partnership interest? c. What is the character of Marco’s gain or loss? d. What are Ryan’s inside and outside bases in the partnership on the date of the sale?

On January 1, 2014, Margaret Avery Co. borrowed and received $400,000 from a major customer evidenced by a zero-interest-bearing note due in 3 years. As consideration for the zero-interest-bearing feature, Avery agrees to supply the customer’s inventory needs for the loan period at lower than the market price. The appropriate rate at which to impute interest is 8%. Instructions (a) Prepare the journal entry to record the initial transaction on January 1, 2014. (Round all computations to the nearest dollar.) (b) Prepare the journal entry to record any adjusting entries needed at December 31, 2014. Assume that the sales of Avery’s product to this customer occur evenly over the 3-year period.

1. In the case of buses, subsidies are often paid by local authorities to support various loss‑making routes. Is this the best way of supporting these services? 2. In the case of postal services, profitable parts of the service cross-subsidise the unprofitable parts. Should this continue if the industry were privatised?

In a wire drawing operation, why must the drawing stress never exceed the yield strength of the work metal?

The chairman of the board of directors of the company for which you are chief accountant has told you that he has little use for accounting figures based on historical cost. He believes that replacement values are of far more significance to the board of directors than “out-of-date costs.” Present some arguments to convince him that accounting data should still be based on historical cost.

Aykroyd Inc. has sponsored a noncontributory, defined benefit pension plan for its employees since 1991. Prior to 2014, cumulative net pension expense recognized equaled cumulative contributions to the plan. Other relevant information about the pension plan on January 1, 2014, is as follows. 1. The company has 200 employees. All these employees are expected to receive benefits under the plan. The average remaining service life per employee is 12 years. 2. The projected benefit obligation amounted to $5,000,000 and the fair value of pension plan assets was $3,000,000. The market-related asset value was also $3,000,000. Unrecognized prior service cost was $2,000,000. On December 31, 2014, the projected benefit obligation and the accumulated benefit obligation were $4,850,000 and $4,025,000, respectively. The fair value of the pension plan assets amounted to $4,100,000 at the end of the year. A 10% settlement rate and a 10% expected asset return rate were used in the actuarial present value computations in the pension plan. The present value of benefits attributed by the pension benefit formula to employee service in 2014 amounted to $200,000. The employer’s contribution to the plan assets amounted to $775,000 in 2014. This problem assumes no payment of pension benefits. Instructions (Round all amounts to the nearest dollar.) (a) Prepare a schedule, based on the average remaining life per employee, showing the prior service cost that would be amortized as a component of pension expense for 2014, 2015, and 2016. (b) Compute pension expense for the year 2014. (c) Prepare the journal entries required to report the accounting for the company’s pension plan for 2014. (d) Compute the amount of the 2014 increase/decrease in net gains or losses and the amount to be amortized in 2014 and 2015.

What is the price elasticity of demand at the point (a) where the demand curve crosses the vertical axis; (b) where it crosses the horizontal axis?

Ballard Company rents a warehouse on a month-to-month basis for the storage of its excess inventory. The company periodically must rent space whenever its production greatly exceeds actual sales. For several years, the company officials have discussed building their own storage facility, but this enthusiasm wavers when sales increase sufficiently to absorb the excess inventory. What is the nature of this type of lease arrangement, and what accounting treatment should be accorded it?

What is the nature of research and development costs?

Weisberg Corporation has 10,000 shares of $100 par value, 6%, preference shares and 50,000 ordinary shares of $10 par value outstanding at December 31, 2014. Instructions Answer the questions in each of the following independent situations. (a) If the preference shares are cumulative and dividends were last paid on the preference shares on December 31, 2011, what are the dividends in arrears that should be reported on the December 31, 2014, statement of financial position? How should these dividends be reported? (b) If the preference shares are convertible into seven shares of $10 par value ordinary shares and 3,000 shares are converted, what entry is required for the conversion, assuming the preference shares were issued at par value? (c) If the preference shares were issued at $107 per share, how should the preference shares be reported in the equity section?

Assume that a firm faces a downward-sloping demand curve. Draw a diagram showing the firm’s AR, MR, AC and MC curves. (Draw them in such a way that the firm can make supernormal profits.) Mark the following on the diagram:          (a)  The firm’s profit-maximising output and price.          (b)  Its sales-revenue-maximising output and price.          (c)  Its sales-maximising output and price (subject to earning at least normal profit).

Bridgewater Corp. offered holders of its 1,000 convertible bonds a premium of $160 per bond to induce conversion into shares of its common stock. Upon conversion of all the bonds, Bridgewater Corp. recorded the $160,000 premium as a reduction of paid-in capital. Comment on Bridgewater’s treatment of the $160,000 “sweetener.”

If the shares in a monopoly (such as a water company) were very widely distributed among the population, would the shareholders necessarily want the firm to use its monopoly power to make larger profits?