Question & Answer

Think of two things that are provided free of charge. In each case, identify whether and in what form a shortage might occur. In what ways are/could these shortages be dealt with? Are they the best solution to the shortages?

Cameron purchases stock in Corporation X and in Corporation Y. Neither corporation pays dividends. The stocks both earn an identical before-tax rate of return. Cameron sells the stock in Corporation X after three years, and he sells the stock in Corporation Y after five years. Which investment likely earned a greater after-tax return? Why?

Karen Sepan, a recent graduate of the local state university, ispresently employed by a large manufacturing company. She has been asked by Jose Martinez, controller, toprepare the company’s response to a current Preliminary Views published by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB). Sepan knows that the FASB has a conceptual framework, and she believes that these concept statements could be used to support the company’s response to the Preliminary Views. She has prepared a rough draft of the response citing the objective of financial reporting. Instructions (a) Identify the objective of financial reporting. (b) Describe the level of sophistication expected of the users of financial information by the objective of financial reporting.

If customers were all charged the same price for a product could this ever be classed as an example of price discrimination? Explain your answer.

Recording transactions in the accounting system requires knowledge of the important characteristics of the elements of financial statements, such as assets and liabilities. In addition, accountants must understand the inherent uncertainty in accounting measures and distinctions between related accounting concepts that are important in evaluating the effects of transactions on the financial statements. Instructions Go to http://aaahq.org/asclogin.cfm to log in and provide explanations for the following items. (Provide paragraph citations.) When you have accessed the documents, you can use the search tool in your Internet browser. (a) The three essential characteristics of assets. (b) The three essential characteristics of liabilities. (c) Uncertainty and its effect on financial statements. (d) The difference between realization and recognition.

Suppose in the previous problem that a roll spot-welding operation is performed instead of seam welding. The interface resistance increases to 100 micro-ohms, and the center-to-center separation between weld nuggets is 25 mm. Given the conditions from the previous problem, with the changes noted here, determine (a) the proportion of energy generated that goes into the formation of each weld nugget, and (b) the rotational speed of the electrode wheels. (c) At this higher rotational speed, how much does the wheel move during the current on-time, and might this have the effect of elongating the weld nugget (making it elliptical rather than round)?

Corbett’s AMTI is $650,000.  What is his AMT exemption under the following alternative circumstances?

Helaina was just hired by Acme Corporation and has decided to purchase disability insurance. This insurance promises to pay her weekly benefits to replace her salary should she be unable to work because of disability. Disability insurance is also available through Acme as part of its compensation plan. Acme pays these premiums as a nontaxable fringe benefit, but the plan promises to pay about 10 percent less in benefits. If Helaina elects to have Acme pay the premiums, then her compensation will be reduced by an equivalent amount. Should tax considerations play a role in Helaina's choice to buy disability insurance through Acme or on her own? Explain.

Controlling the money supply is sometimes advocated as an appropriate policy for controlling inflation. What implications do different assumptions about the relationship between M and V, and M and Y in the equation MV = PY have for the effectiveness of this policy?

It has been suggested that tax policy favors deductions for AGI compared to itemized deductions.  Describe two ways in which deductions for AGI are treated more favorably than itemized deductions

A 12-inch diameter silicon wafer has a processable area that is circular with a diameter = 11.4 in. The IC chips that will be fabricated on the wafer surface are square with 0.75 in on a side, including an allowance for subsequent chip separation. However, the processable area on each chip is only 0.60 in by 0.60 in. The density of circuits within each chip’s processable area is 100,000 circuits per square inch. (a) How many IC chips can be placed onto the wafer? (b) Using Rent’s Rule with C = 3.8 and m = 0.43, how many input/output terminals (pins) will be needed for each chip package?

Discuss the reasons why individuals generally prefer capital gains over ordinary gains. Explain why corporate taxpayers might prefer capital gains over ordinary gains.

Define precipitation hardening.

Describe the record-keeping requirements for deducting business expenses, including mixed-motive expenditures.

Spartan Corporation redeemed 25 percent of its shares for $2,000 on July 1 of this year, in a transaction that qualified as an exchange under §302(a).  Spartan’s accumulated E&P at the beginning of the year was $2,000. Its current E&P is $12,000.  Spartan made dividend distributions of $1,000 on June 1 and $4,000 on August 31.  Determine the balance in Spartan’s accumulated E&P at the beginning of next year.  See Rev. Rul. 74-338 and Rev. Rul. 74-339 for help in making this calculation.

Explain the purpose behind the §1231 look-back rule.

Indicate in general journal form how the items below would be entered in a worksheet for the preparation of the statement of cash flows. (a) Net income is $317,000. (b) Cash dividends declared and paid totaled $120,000. (c) Equipment was purchased for $114,000. (d) Equipment that originally cost $40,000 and had accumulated depreciation of $32,000 was sold for

SBT partnership distributes $5,000 cash and a parcel of land with a fair market value of $40,000 and a $25,000 basis to the partnership to Sam (30 percent partner). What factors must Sam and SBT consider in determining the tax treatment of this distribution?

Until the end of year 0, Magic Carpets (MC) was a C corporation with a calendar year-end.  At the beginning of year 1, it elected to be taxed as an S corporation.  MC uses the LIFO method to value its inventory.  At the end of year 0, under the LIFO method, its inventory of rugs was valued at $150,000. Under the FIFO method, the rugs would have been valued at $170,000.  How much LIFO recapture tax must MC pay, and what is the due date of the first payment under the following alternative scenarios?

Seven years ago, Halle (currently age 41) contributed $4,000 to a Roth IRA account. The current value of the Roth IRA is $9,000. In the current, year Halle withdraws $8,000 of the account balance to use as a down payment on her first home. Assuming Halle is in the 24 percent marginal tax bracket, how much of the $8,000 withdrawal will she retain after taxes to fund her house down payment?

In 2007 China overtook the USA as the world’s largest emitter of CO2. Yet USA per capita emissions are three times that of China. What issues arise from this in the formulation of a global policy to reduce CO2 emissions?

What is wave soldering?

Presented below is an amortization schedule related to Spangler Company’s 5-year, $100,000 bond with a 7% interest rate and a 5% yield, purchased on December 31, 2012, for $108,660. Cash Interest Bond Premium Carrying Amount Date Received Revenue Amortization of Bonds 12/31/12 $108,660 12/31/13 $7,000 $5,433 $1,567 107,093 12/31/14 7,000 5,354 1,646 105,447 12/31/15 7,000 5,272 1,728 103,719 12/31/16 7,000 5,186 1,814 101,905 12/31/17 7,000 5,095 1,905 100,000 The following schedule presents a comparison of the amortized cost and fair value of the bonds at year-end. 12/31/13 12/31/14 12/31/15 12/31/16 12/31/17 Amortized cost $107,093 $105,447 $103,719 $101,905 $100,000 Fair value $106,500 $107,500 $105,650 $103,000 $100,000 Instructions (a) Prepare the journal entry to record the purchase of these bonds on December 31, 2012, assuming the bonds are classified as held-to-maturity securities. (b) Prepare the journal entry(ies) related to the held-to-maturity bonds for 2013. (c) Prepare the journal entry(ies) related to the held-to-maturity bonds for 2015. (d) Prepare the journal entry(ies) to record the purchase of these bonds, assuming they are classified as available-for-sale. (e) Prepare the journal entry(ies) related to the available-for-sale bonds for 2013. (f) Prepare the journal entry(ies) related to the available-for-sale bonds for 2015.

What are the economic arguments for larger ‘systemically important banks’ (SIBs) having an additional capital requirement?

Why are metals better conductors of electricity than ceramics and polymers?