Question & Answer

According to the tax rules, how are profits and losses allocated to owners of entities taxed as partnerships (partners or LLC members)? How are they allocated to S corporation shareholders? Which entity permits greater flexibility in allocating profits and losses?

Brooks Corporation sells computers under a 2-year warranty contract that requires the corporation to replace defective parts and to provide the necessary repair labor. During 2014, the corporation sells for cash 400 computers at a unit price of $2,500. On the basis of past experience, the 2-year warranty costs are estimated to be $155 for parts and $185 for labor per unit. (For simplicity, assume that all sales occurred on December 31, 2014.) The warranty is not sold separately from the computer. Instructions (a) Record any necessary journal entries in 2014, applying the cash-basis method. (b) Record any necessary journal entries in 2014, applying the expense warranty accrual method. (c) What liability relative to these transactions would appear on the December 31, 2014, balance sheet and how would it be classified if the cash-basis method is applied? (d) What liability relative to these transactions would appear on the December 31, 2014, balance sheet and how would it be classified if the expense warranty accrual method is applied? In 2015, the actual warranty costs to Brooks Corporation were $21,400 for parts and $39,900 for labor. (e) Record any necessary journal entries in 2015, applying the cash-basis method. (f) Record any necessary journal entries in 2015, applying the expense warranty accrual method.

A tensile test for a certain metal provides flow curve parameters: strain-hardening exponent is 0.3 and strength coefficient is 600 MPa. Determine (a) the flow stress at a true strain = 1.0 and (b) true strain at a flow stress = 600 MPa.

If a country imports a whole range of goods whose average income elasticity of demand is the same as for home-produced goods, will the mpm rise or fall as national income rises?

This year, Major Healy paid $40,000 of interest on a mortgage on his home (he borrowed $800,000 to buy the residence in 2015; $900,000 original purchase price and value at purchase), $6,000 of interest on a $120,000 home-equity loan on his home (loan proceeds were used to buy antique cars), and $10,000 of interest on a mortgage on his vacation home (borrowed $200,000 to purchase the home in 2010). Major Healy’s AGI is $220,000. How much interest expense can Major Healy deduct as an itemized deduction?

Capriati Corporation commenced operations in early 2014. The corporation incurred $60,000 of costs such as fees to underwriters, legal fees, state fees, and promotional expenditures during its formation. Prepare journal entries to record the $60,000 expenditure and 2014 amortization, if any.

In each of the following independent cases the company closes its books on December 31. 1. Sanford Co. sells $500,000 of 10% bonds on March 1, 2014. The bonds pay interest on September 1 and March 1. The due date of the bonds is September 1, 2017. The bonds yield 12%. Give entries through December 31, 2015. 2. Titania Co. sells $400,000 of 12% bonds on June 1, 2014. The bonds pay interest on December 1 and June 1. The due date of the bonds is June 1, 2018. The bonds yield 10%. On October 1, 2015, Titania buys back $120,000 worth of bonds for $126,000 (includes accrued interest). Give entries through December 1, 2016. 3 4 Instructions For the two cases prepare all of the relevant journal entries from the time of sale until the date indicated. Use the effective-interest method for discount and premium amortization (construct amortization tables where applicable). Amortize premium or discount on interest dates and at year-end. (Assume that no reversing entries were made.)

Presented below is information taken from a bond investment amortization schedule with related fair values provided. These bonds are classified as available-for-sale. 12/31/14 12/31/15 12/31/16 Amortized cost $491,150 $519,442 $550,000 Fair value $497,000 $509,000 $550,000 Instructions (a) Indicate whether the bonds were purchased at a discount or at a premium. (b) Prepare the adjusting entry to record the bonds at fair value at December 31, 2014. The Fair Value Adjustment account has a debit balance of $1,000 prior to adjustment. (c) Prepare the adjusting entry to record the bonds at fair value at December 31, 2015.

A corporation distributes appreciated property to a shareholder. What impact does the distribution have on the corporation’s earnings and profits?

Does the use of public-sector deficit targets rule out the use of fiscal policy to reduce economic fluctuations associated with the business cycle.

Douglas Corporation had 120,000 shares of stock outstanding on January 1, 2014. On May 1, 2014, Douglas issued 60,000 shares. On July 1, Douglas purchased 10,000 treasury shares, which were reissued on October 1. Compute Douglas’s weighted-average number of shares outstanding for 2014.

If pension expense recognized in a period exceeds the current amount funded by the employer, what kind of account arises, and how should it be reported in the financial statements? If the reverse occurs—that is, current funding by the employer exceeds the amount recognized as pension expense—what kind of account arises, and how should it be reported?

Earnings per share can affect market prices of common stock. Can market prices affect earnings per share? Explain.

Discuss why evaluating vertical equity simply based on tax rate structure may be less than optimal.

Jack Kelly Company has grown rapidly since its founding in 2004. To instill loyalty in its employees, Kelly is contemplating establishment of a defined benefit plan. Kelly knows that lenders and potential investors will pay close attention to the impact of the pension plan on the company’s financial statements, particularly any gains or losses that develop in the plan. Kelly has asked you to conduct some research on the accounting for gains and losses in a defined benefit plan. Instructions Access the IFRS authoritative literature at the IASB website (http://eifrs.iasb.org/). (Click on the IFRS tab and then register for free eIFRS access if necessary.) When you have accessed the documents, you can use the search tool in your Internet browser to respond to the following questions. (Provide paragraph citations.) (a) Briefly describe how pension gains and losses are accounted for. (b) Explain the rationale behind the accounting method described in part (a). (c) What is the related pension asset or liability that may show up on the statement of financial position? When will each of these situations occur?

What is the accounts receivable turnover, and what type of information does it provide?

On September 30, 2013, Rolen Machinery Co. sold a machine and accepted the customer’s zero-interest-bearing note. Rolen normally makes sales on a cash basis. Since the machine was unique, its sales price was not determinable using Rolen’s normal pricing practices. After receiving the first of two equal annual installments on September 30, 2014, Rolen immediately sold the note with recourse. On October 9, 2015, Rolen received notice that the note was dishonored, and it paid all amounts due. At all times prior to default, the note was reasonably expected to be paid in full. Instructions (a) (1) How should Rolen determine the sales price of the machine? (2) How should Rolen report the effects of the zero-interest-bearing note on its income statement for the year ended December 31, 2013? Why is this accounting presentation appropriate? (b) What are the effects of the sale of the note receivable with recourse on Rolen’s income statement for the year ended December 31, 2014, and its balance sheet at December 31, 2014? (c) How should Rolen account for the effects of the note being dishonored?

Did the exchange rate difficulties experienced by countries under the ERM strengthen or weaken the arguments for progressing to a single European currency?

All else being equal, would a taxpayer with passive losses prefer to have wage income or passive income?

Identify some of the present and future products associated with nanotechnology.

Myers Company provides you with the following condensed balance sheet information. Assets Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity Current assets $ 40,000 Current and long-term liabilities $100,000 Equity investments (trading) 60,000 Stockholders’ equity Equipment (net) 250,000 Common stock ($5 par) $ 20,000 Intangibles 60,000 Paid-in capital in excess of par 110,000 Total assets $410,000 Retained earnings 180,000 310,000 Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $410,000 Instructions For each transaction below, indicate the dollar impact (if any) on the following five items: (1) total assets, (2) common stock, (3) paid-in capital in excess of par, (4) retained earnings, and (5) stockholders’ equity. (Each situation is independent.) (a) Myers declares and pays a $0.50 per share cash dividend. (b) Myers declares and issues a 10% stock dividend when the market price of the stock is $14 per share. (c) Myers declares and issues a 30% stock dividend when the market price of the stock is $15 per share. (d) Myers declares and distributes a property dividend. Myers gives one share of its equity investment (ABC stock) for every two shares of Myers Company stock held. Myers owns 10,000 shares of ABC. ABC is selling for $10 per share on the date the property dividend is declared. (e) Myers declares a 2-for-1 stock split and issues new shares.

The barrel and screw of an extruder are generally divided into three sections; identify the sections.

What are some of the principal abrasive materials used in grinding wheels?

Describe the type of material that is commonly used to make windshields for automobiles.

Suppose that utilities are considered a fixed cost for a retail clothing outlet. Why might we expect a variance to occur for the cost of utilities?