Question & Answer

Write a short essay explaining how financial futures might reduce systemic risk and how financial futures might increase systemic risk within financial markets.

An internal cylindrical grinding operation is used to finish an internal bore from an initial diameter of 250.00 mm to a final diameter of 252.5 mm. The bore is 125 mm long. A grinding wheel with an initial diameter of 150.00 mm and a width of 20.00 mm is used. After the operation, the diameter of the grinding wheel has been reduced to 149.75 mm. Determine the grinding ratio in this operation.

Assume that inflation depends on two things: the level of aggregate demand, indicated by the inverse of unemployment (1/U), and the expected rate of inflation (π et). Assume that the rate of inflation (πt) is given by the equation:                              πt = (48/U – 6) + πet Assume initially (year 0) that the actual and expected rate of inflation is zero. (a)  What is the current (natural) rate of unemployment   (b)    Now assume in year 1 that the government wishes to reduce unemployment to 4 per cent and continues to expand aggregate demand by as much as is necessary to achieve this. Fill in the rows for years 0 to 4 in the following table. It is assumed for simplicity that the expected rate of inflation in a given year (πet) is equal to the actual rate of inflation in the previous year (πt–1). (c)    Now assume in year 5 that the government, worried about rising inflation, reduces aggregate demand sufficiently to reduce inflation by 3 per cent in that year. What must the rate of unemployment be raised to in that year?   (d)    Assuming that unemployment stays at this high level, continue the table for years 5 to 7.

Condensed financial data of Pat Metheny Company for 2014 and 2013 are presented below. PAT METHENY COMPANY COMPARATIVE BALANCE SHEET AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2014 AND 2013 2014 2013 Cash $1,800 $1,150 Receivables 1,750 1,300 Inventory 1,600 1,900 Plant assets 1,900 1,700 Accumulated depreciation (1,200) (1,170) Long-term investments (held-to-maturity) 1,300 1,420 $7,150 $6,300 Accounts payable $1,200 $ 900 Accrued liabilities 200 250 Bonds payable 1,400 1,550 Capital stock 1,900 1,700 Retained earnings 2,450 1,900 $7,150 $6,300 PAT METHENY COMPANY INCOME STATEMENT FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2014 Sales revenue $6,900 Cost of goods sold 4,700 Gross margin 2,200 Selling and administrative expense 930 Income from operations 1,270 Other revenues and gains Gain on sale of investments 80 Income before tax 1,350 Income tax expense 540 Net income 810 Cash dividends 260 Income retained in business $ 550 Additional information: During the year, $70 of common stock was issued in exchange for plant assets. No plant assets were sold in 2014. Instructions Prepare a statement of cash flows using the indirect method.

Harris Corp. is a technology start-up and is in its second year of operations. The company didn’t purchase any assets this year but purchased the following assets in 2023:

Presented below are data taken from the records of Alee Company.December 31, December 31, 2014 2013Cash $ 15,000 $ 8,000 Current assets other than cash 85,000 60,000 Long-term investments 10,000 53,000 Plant assets 335,000 215,000 $445,000 $336,000 Accumulated depreciation $ 20,000 $ 40,000 Current liabilities 40,000 22,000 Bonds payable 75,000 202 Capital stock 254,000 254,000 Retained earnings 56,000 20,000 $445,000 $336,000 Additional information: 1. Held-to-maturity securities carried at a cost of $43,000 on December 31, 2013, were sold in 2014 for $34,000. The loss (not extraordinary) was incorrectly charged directly to Retained Earnings. 2. Plant assets that cost $50,000 and were 80% depreciated were sold during 2014 for $8,000. The loss (not extraordinary) was incorrectly charged directly to Retained Earnings. 3. Net income as reported on the income statement for the year was $57,000. 4. Dividends paid amounted to $10,000. 5. Depreciation charged for the year was $20,000. Instructions Prepare a statement of cash flows for the year 2014 using the indirect method.

At what time is it proper to recognize income in the following cases: (a) Installment sales with no reasonable basis for estimating the degree of collectibility? (b) Sales for future delivery? (c) Merchandise shipped on consignment? (d) Profit on incomplete construction contracts? (e) Subscriptions to publications?

Explain why the use of residual income for performance evaluation provides better incentives, in some ways, than ROI, but still causes managers to make some decisions that could be harmful to an organisation in the long run.

Support or refute the following statement: Investors can avoid all types of risk by purchasing a mutual fund that contains only Treasury bonds. (LO2)

Jobim Inc. had the following condensed balance sheet at the end of operations for 2013. JOBIM INC. BALANCE SHEET DECEMBER 31, 2013 Cash $ 8,500 Current liabilities $ 15,000 Current assets other than cash 29,000 Long-term notes payable 25,500 Investments 20,000 Bonds payable 25,000 Plant assets (net) 67,500 Capital stock 75,000 Land 40,000 Retained earnings 24,500 $165,000 $165,000 During 2014, the following occurred. 1. A tract of land was purchased for $9,000. 2. Bonds payable in the amount of $15,000 were redeemed at par. 3. An additional $10,000 in capital stock was issued at par. 4. Dividends totaling $9,375 were paid to stockholders. 5. Net income was $35,250 after allowing depreciation of $13,500. 6. Land was purchased through the issuance of $22,500 in bonds. 7. Jobim Inc. sold part of its investment portfolio for $12,875. This transaction resulted in a gain of $2,000 for the company. The company classifies the investments as available-for-sale. 8. Both current assets (other than cash) and current liabilities remained at the same amount. Instructions (a) Prepare a statement of cash flows for 2014 using the indirect method. (b) Prepare the condensed balance sheet for Jobim Inc. as it would appear at December 31, 2014.

Show how Eq. (21.4) is derived from Figure 21.6.

A high-speed steel broach (hardened) is to be resharpened to achieve a good finish. Specify the appropriate parameters of the grinding wheel for this job.

: Define the four management functions and the type of management activity associated with ach.

Where can authoritative IFRS related to the statement of cash flows be found?

Cost allocation has no impact on the transfer price set.  Discuss.

Assume that the rate of income tax is 15 per cent, the rate of expenditure tax is 12½ per cent, the mps is 1/20, the mpm is 1/8 and the mpc (from disposable income) is 16/17. What is the mpcd? Construct a table like Table 17.4 assuming again that national income rises by £100 million.

Try using the same type of analysis in the labour market to show what will happen if there is an increase in demand for labour. What is the ‘price’ of labour?

What are some of the key obstacles for the FASB and IASB within their accounting guidance in the area of cash flow reporting? Explain.

Create a balance sheet for a typical bank, showing its main liabilities (sources of funds) and assets (uses of funds). (LO2, LO3)

Under what circumstances can a taxpayer deduct medical expenses paid for a member of their family? Does it matter if the family member reports significant amounts of gross income and cannot be claimed as a dependent?

Cooper Investments reported an unusual gain from the sale of certain assets in its 2014 income statement. How does intraperiod tax allocation affect the reporting of this unusual gain?

Katie, a single taxpayer, is a shareholder in the S Corporation, Engineers One, a civil engineering company. This year, Katie’s share of net business income from Engineers One is $200,000 (net of the associated for AGI self-employment tax deduction). Assume that Katie’s allocation of wages paid by Engineers One to its employees is $300,000 and her allocation of Engineers One’s qualified property is $150,000 (unadjusted basis of equipment, all purchased within past three years). Assume Katie has no other business income and no capital gains or qualified dividends. Her taxable income before the deduction for qualified business income is $400,000. a. Calculate Katie’s deduction for qualified business income. b. Assume the same facts provided above, except Katie’s net business income from Engineers One is $400,000 (net of the associated for AGI self-employment tax deduction) and taxable income before the deduction for qualified business income is $350,000.

Garcia Home Improvement Company installs replacement siding, windows, and louvered glass doors for single-family homes and condominium complexes in northern New Jersey and southern New York. The company is in the process of preparing its annual financial statements for the fiscal year ended May 31, 2014, and Jim Alcide, controller for Garcia, has gathered the following data concerning inventory. At May 31, 2014, the balance in Garcia’s Raw Materials Inventory account was $408,000, and Allowance to Reduce Inventory to Market had a credit balance of $27,500. Alcide summarized the relevant inventory cost and market data at May 31, 2014, in the schedule below. Alcide assigned Patricia Devereaux, an intern from a local college, the task of calculating the amount that should appear on Garcia’s May 31, 2014, financial statements for inventory under the lower-of-costor- market rule as applied to each item in inventory. Devereaux expressed concern over departing from the historical cost principle. Cost Replacement Cost Sales Price Net Realizable Value Normal Profit Aluminum siding $ 70,000 $ 62,500 $ 64,000 $ 56,000 $ 5,100 Cedar shake siding 86,000 79,400 94,000 84,800 7,400 Louvered glass doors 112,000 124,000 186,400 168,300 18,500 Thermal windows 140,000 126,000 154,800 140,000 15,400 Total $408,000 $391,900 $499,200 $449,100 $46,400 Instructions (a) (1) Determine the proper balance in Allowance to Reduce Inventory to Market at May 31, 2014. (2) For the fiscal year ended May 31, 2014, determine the amount of the gain or loss that would be recorded due to the change in Allowance to Reduce Inventory to Market. (b) Explain the rationale for the use of the lower-of-cost-or-market rule as it applies to inventories.

Two new software projects are proposed to a young, start-up company. The Alpha project will cost $150,000 to develop and is expected to have annual net cash flow of $40,000. The Beta project will cost $200,000 to develop and is expected to have annual net cash flow of $50,000. The company is very concerned about their cash flow. Using the payback period, which project is better from a cash flow standpoint? Why?

The FASB requires a reconciliation between the effective tax rate and the federal government’s statutory rate. Of what benefit is such a disclosure requirement?