Question & Answer

Various types of accounting changes can affect the financial statements of a business enterprise differently. Assume that the following list describes changes that have a material effect on the financial statements for the current year of your business enterprise. 1. A change from the completed-contract method to the percentage-of-completion method of accounting for long-term construction-type contracts. 2. A change in the estimated useful life of previously recorded fixed assets as a result of newly acquired information. 3. A change from deferring and amortizing preproduction costs to recording such costs as an expense when incurred because future benefits of the costs have become doubtful. The new accounting method was adopted in recognition of the change in estimated future benefits. 4. A change from including the employer share of FICA taxes with payroll tax expenses to including it with “Retirement benefits” on the income statement. 5. Correction of a mathematical error in inventory pricing made in a prior period. 6. A change from presentation of statements of individual companies to presentation of consolidated statements. 7. A change in the method of accounting for leases for tax purposes to conform with the financial accounting method. As a result, both deferred and current taxes payable changed substantially. 8. A change from the FIFO method of inventory pricing to the LIFO method of inventory pricing. Instructions Identify the type of change that is described in each item above and indicate whether the prior year’s financial statements should be recast when presented in comparative form with the current year’s financial statements.

resented below are a number of balance sheet items for Montoya, Inc., for the current year, 2014. Goodwill $ 125,000 Accumulated depreciation—equipment $ 292,000 Payroll taxes payable 177,591 Inventory 239,800 Bonds payable 300,000 Rent payable (short-term) 45,000 Discount on bonds payable 15,000 Income taxes payable 98,362 Cash 360,000 Rent payable (long-term) 480,000 Land 480,000 Common stock, $1 par value 200,000 Notes receivable 445,700 Preferred stock, $10 par value 150,000 Notes payable (to banks) 265,000 Prepaid expenses 87,920 Accounts payable 490,000 Equipment 1,470,000 Retained earnings ? Equity investments (trading) 121,000 Income taxes receivable 97,630 Accumulated depreciation—buildings 270,200 Notes payable (long-term) 1,600,000 Buildings 1,640,000 Instructions Prepare a classified balance sheet in good form. Common stock authorized was 400,000 shares, and preferred stock authorized was 20,000 shares. Assume that notes receivable and notes payable are short-term, unless stated otherwise. Cost and fair value of equity investments (trading) are the same.

Why is the timing strategy particularly effective for cash-method taxpayers?

In 1987, Herman Moore Company completed the construction of a building at a cost of $2,000,000 and first occupied it in January 1988. It was estimated that the building will have a useful life of 40 years and a salvage value of $60,000 at the end of that time. Early in 1998, an addition to the building was constructed at a cost of $500,000. At that time, it was estimated that the remaining life of the building would be, as originally estimated, an additional 30 years, and that the addition would have a life of 30 years and a salvage value of $20,000. In 2016, it is determined that the probable life of the building and addition will extend to the end of 2047, or 20 years beyond the original estimate. Instructions (a) Using the straight-line method, compute the annual depreciation that would have been charged from 1988 through 1997. (b) Compute the annual depreciation that would have been charged from 1998 through 2015. (c) Prepare the entry, if necessary, to adjust the account balances because of the revision of the estimated life in 2016. (d) Compute the annual depreciation to be charged, beginning with 2016.

An economy is currently in equilibrium. The following figures refer to elements in its national income accounts.   £ billions Consumption (total) 60 Investment 5 Government expenditure 8 Imports 10 Exports 7   (a)  What is the current equilibrium level of national income? (b)  What is the level of injections? (c)  What is the level of withdrawals? (d)  Assuming that tax revenues are £7 billion, how much is the level of saving? (e)  If national income now rose to £80 billion and, as a result, the consumption of domestically produced goods rose to £58 billion, what is the mpcd? (f)   What is the value of the multiplier? (g)  Given an initial level of national income of £80 billion, now assume that spending on exports rises by £4 billion, spending on investment rises by £1 billion, whilst government expenditure falls by £2 billion. By how much will national income change? (h)  Given this new level of national income, assume that full employment is achieved at a national income of £100. Is there an inflationary or a deflationary gap? (i)   What is the size of this gap?

Linear, stepwise linear, and piecewise linear cost functions (a)          Total fixed costs are $10 000 per week and the variable cost per unit is $8. Write the algebraic expression for the cost function and graph it. What are the assumptions of the cost function? (b)          Total fixed costs are $25 000 per week up to 2000 units a week and then jump up to $35 000 per week. The variable cost per unit is $8. Write the algebraic expression for the cost function and graph it. (c)           The average cost to produce 10,000 units is $45 and the average cost to produce 12 000 units is $44. Estimate the average cost to produce 15 000 units. (d)          The total cost function for Hot Dog Days, a hot dog cart business in Centennial Park, is TC = $5000 + 45% ´ total revenues. Estimate the total cost for a month when total revenues are $10 000.

Madrasah Corporation issued its financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2014, on March 10, 2015. The following events took place early in 2015. (a) On January 10, 10,000 shares of $5 par value common stock were issued at $66 per share. (b) On March 1, Madrasah determined after negotiations with the Internal Revenue Service that income taxes payable for 2014 should be $1,270,000. At December 31, 2014, income taxes payable were recorded at $1,100,000. Instructions Discuss how the preceding post-balance-sheet events should be reflected in the 2014 financial statements.

Assume the following conditions. The last time the FOMC met, it decided to raise interest rates. At that time economic growth was very strong, so inflation was relatively high. Since the last meeting, economic growth has weakened, and the unemployment rate will likely rise by 1 percentage point over the quarter. The FOMC’s next meeting is tomorrow. Do you think the FOMC will revise its targeted federal funds rate? If so, how? (LO4)

Cost of rework; control of scrap; accounting for scrap Dapper Dan Draperies manufactures and installs custom-ordered draperies.   Required (a)     For all drapes, occasionally the sewing equipment malfunctions and the drape must be reworked. Explain how to account for the cost of rework when it is needed. (b)     Explain how to account for the cost of rework when customers choose a fabric that is known to require rework. (c)      Explain why scrap will always arise in this business. (d)     Dapper Dan can sell scraps to quilting groups or just throw them away. List several factors that could affect this decision. (e)      If Dapper Dan decides to sell scraps, explain the accounting choices for recording the sales value.

Solve for total solidification time in the previous problem only using an exponent value of 1.9 in Chvorinov's rule instead of 2.0. What adjustment must be made in the units of the mold constant?

Cost driver selection For each of the following activities undertaken to bake pastries and cakes, identify a suitable cost driver to allocate costs. (a)          Mixing ingredients (b)          Baking pastries and cakes (c)           Decorating cakes (d)          Packing pastries and cakes on trays (e)           Sales (f)           Dispatch to customers

Describe international ETFs, and explain how ETFs are exposed to exchange rate risk. How do you think an investor decides whether to purchase an ETF representing Japan, Spain, or some other country? (LO7)

Is it horizontally equitable for smokers and drinkers to pay more tax than non-smokers and non-drinkers?

What are the most common metals used in die casting?

Hendrickson Corporation reported net income of $50,000 in 2014. Depreciation expense was $17,000. The following working capital accounts changed. Accounts receivable $11,000 increase Available-for-sale securities 16,000 increase Inventory 7,400 increase Nontrade note payable 15,000 decrease Accounts payable 12,300 increase Compute net cash provided by operating activities.

Francine’s mother Donna and her father Darren separated and divorced in September of this year.Francine lived with both parents until the separation.Francine does not provide more than half of her own support.Francine is 15 years old at the end of the year. a. Is Francine a qualifying child to Donna?

A 2.0-in-long billet with diameter = 1.25 in is direct extruded to a diameter of 0.50 in. The extrusion die angle = 90°. For the work metal, K = 45,000 lb/in2 , and n = 0.20. In the Johnson extrusion strain equation, a = 0.8 and b = 1.5. Determine (a) extrusion ratio, (b) true strain (homogeneous deformation), (c) extrusion strain, and (d) ram pressure at L = 2.0, 1.5, 1.0, 0.5 and zero in. Use of a spreadsheet calculator is recommended for part (d).

Using the facts from the previous problem, when should Reese pay the bill if she expects her marginal tax rate to be 35 percent next year? 24 percent next year?

What approaches may be employed in applying the lower-of-cost-or-market procedure? Which approach is normally used and why?

Explain the distinction between a direct-financing lease and a sales-type lease for a lessor.

Why is the orthogonal cutting model useful in the analysis of metal machining?

Briefly describe the process of computing a corporation’s taxable income assuming the corporation must use GAAP to determine its book income.

What is the difference between dry pressing and semi-dry pressing of traditional ceramic parts?

Indicate some of the limitations of using surface roughness as a measure of surface texture

A 250 mm diameter silicon wafer has a processable area that is circular with a diameter = 225 mm. The IC chips that will be fabricated on the wafer surface are square with 20 mm on a side. However, the processable area on each chip is only 18 mm by 18 mm. The density of circuits within each chip’s processable area is 465 circuits per mm2. (a) How many IC chips can be placed onto the wafer? (b) Using Rent’s Rule with C = 3.8 and m = 0.43, how many input/output terminals (pins) will be needed for each chip package?