Question & Answer

In what situation will the unrealized holding gain or loss on an available-for-sale security be reported in income?

1. Draw a diagram with the same two countries and with the same production possibilities and exchange ratio as in Figure 24.5. But this time show how much would be imported and exported for each country if, after trade, the LDC consumes 500 million kilos of wheat. Fill the figures in on a table like Table 24.5. 2. If the opportunity cost ratio of wheat for cloth is 1/2 in the LDC, why is the slope of the production possibility curve 2/1? Is the slope of the production possibility curve always the reciprocal of the opportunity cost ratio? 3. Show (graphically) that, if the (pre-trade) opportunity cost ratios of the two countries were the same, there would be no gain from trade – assuming that the production possibility curves were straight lines and did not shift as a result of trade.

What method(s) might be used in the accounts to record a loss due to a price decline in the inventories? Discuss.

Last year, Wyeth Company recorded an impairment on an asset held for use. Recent appraisals indicate that the asset has increased in value. Should Wyeth record this recovery in value?

Instructions Go to the book’s companion website and use information found there to answer the following questions related to The Coca-Cola Company and PepsiCo, Inc. (a) Which company had the greater percentage increase in total assets from 2010 to 2011? (b) Using the Selected Financial Data section of these two companies, determine their 5-year average growth rates related to net sales and income from continuing operations. (c) Which company had more depreciation and amortization expense for 2011? Provide a rationale as to why there is a difference in these amounts between the two companies.

As a newly enrolled accounting major, you are anxious to better understand accounting institutions and sources of accounting literature. As a first step, you decide to explore the IASB’s Framework for the Preparation and Presentation of Financial Statements. Instructions Access the IASB Framework at the IASB website (http://eifrs.iasb.org/ ). (Click on the IFRS tab and then register for free eIFRS access if necessary.) When you have accessed the documents, you can use the search tool in your Internet browser to respond to the following items. (Provide paragraph citations.) (a) What is the objective of financial reporting? (b) What other means are there of communicating information, besides financial statements? (c) Indicate some of the users and the information they are most directly concerned with in economic decision-making.

SCC corporation (a calendar-year C corporation) has a net operating loss (NOL) carryover to 2024 in the amount of $30,000.  How much tax will SCC pay for 2024 if it reports taxable income from operations of $20,000 before considering loss carryovers under the following assumptions?   a. The NOL originated in 2017.

Are taxpayers allowed to claim depreciation on assets they use for both business and personal purposes? What are the tax consequences if the business use drops from above 50 percent in one year to below 50 percent in the next?

In a §351 exchange, how does the tax treatment differ in cases where liabilities are assumed with a tax-avoidance purpose versus where liabilities assumed exceed basis?

What effects will the following have on the equilibrium rate of interest? (You should consider which way the demand and/or supply curves of money shift.)          (a)  Banks find that they have a higher liquidity ratio than they need.          (b)  A rise in incomes.          (c)  A growing belief that interest rates will rise from their current level.

Marlon and Latoya recently started building a house.  They had to pay $300 to the county government for a building permit.  Is the $300 payment a tax?  Why or why not?

Paolo is a 50 percent partner in the Capri Partnership and has decided to terminate his partnership interest. Paolo is considering two options as potential exit strategies. The first is to sell his partnership interest to the two remaining 25 percent partners, Giuseppe and Isabella, for $105,000 cash and the assumption of Paolo’s share of Capri’s liabilities. Under this option, Giuseppe and Isabella would each pay $52,500 for half of Paolo’s interest. The second option is to have Capri liquidate Paolo’s partnership interest with a proportionate distribution of the partnership assets. Paolo’s basis in his partnership interest is $110,000, including Paolo’s share of Capri’s liabilities. Capri reports the following balance sheet as of the termination date: Assets Tax Basis FMV Cash $ 80,000 $ 80,000 Receivables 40,000 40,000 Inventory 50,000 80,000 Land 50,000 60,000    Totals $ 220,000 $ 260,000 Liabilities and capital Liabilities $ 50,000 Capital – Paolo 85,000  – Giuseppe 42,500  – Isabella 42,500       Totals $ 220,000 a. If Paolo sells his partnership interest to Giuseppe and Isabella for $105,000, what are the amount and character of Paolo’s recognized gain or loss? b. Giuseppe and Isabella each have a basis in Capri of $55,000 before any purchase of Paolo’s interest. What are Giuseppe’s and Isabella’s bases in their partnership interests following the purchase of Paolo’s interest? c. If Capri liquidates Paolo’s partnership interest with a proportionate distribution of the partnership assets ($25,000 deemed cash from debt relief, $15,000 of actual cash, and half of the remaining assets), what are the amount and character of Paolo’s recognized gain or loss? d. If Capri liquidates Paolo’s interest, what is Paolo’s basis in the distributed assets? e. Compare and contrast Paolo’s options for terminating his partnership interest. Assume that Paolo’s marginal tax rate is 35 percent and his capital gains rate is 15 percent.

What expenses are deductible when a taxpayer combines both business and personal activities on a trip? How do the rules for international travel differ from the rules for domestic travel?

1.15     Relevant information Suppose you are responsible for ordering a replacement for your office photocopy machine. Part of your job is to decide whether to buy it or lease it.   Required (a)          Describe something that could be considered relevant information in this decision and explain why it is relevant. (b)          Describe something that could be considered irrelevant information in this decision and explain why it is irrelevant. (c)           Explain why it was important to distinguish between relevant and irrelevant information in this problem.

Amirante Inc. manufactures an X-ray machine with an estimated life of 12 years and leases it to Chambers Medical Center for a period of 10 years. The normal selling price of the machine is $411,324, and its guaranteed residual value at the end of the noncancelable lease term is estimated to be $15,000. The hospital will pay rents of $60,000 at the beginning of each year and all maintenance, insurance, and taxes. Amirante Inc. incurred costs of $250,000 in manufacturing the machine and $14,000 in negotiating and closing the lease. Amirante Inc. has determined that the collectibility of the lease payments is reasonably predictable, that there will be no additional costs incurred, and that the implicit interest rate is 10%. Instructions (a) Discuss the nature of this lease in relation to the lessor and compute the amount of each of the following items. (1) Lease receivable at inception of the lease. (2) Sales price. (3) Cost of sales. (b) Prepare a 10-year lease amortization schedule. (c) Prepare all of the lessor’s journal entries for the first year.

Identify the three sources of contraction in a metal casting after pouring

Presented below is the balance sheet of Sargent Corporation for the current year, 2014.   The following information is presented. 1. The current assets section includes cash $150,000, accounts receivable $170,000 less $10,000 for allowance for doubtful accounts, inventories $180,000, and unearned rent revenue $5,000. Inventoy is stated on the lower-of-FIFO-cost-or-market. 2. The investments section includes the cash surrender value of a life insurance contract $40,000; investments in common stock, short-term (trading) $80,000 and long-term (available-for-sale) $270,000; and bond sinking fund $250,000. The cost and fair value of investments in common stock are the same. 3. Property, plant, and equipment includes buildings $1,040,000 less accumulated depreciation $360,000; equipment $450,000 less accumulated depreciation $180,000; land $500,000; and land held for future use $270,000. 4. Intangible assets include a franchise $165,000; goodwill $100,000; and discount on bonds payable $40,000. 5. Current liabilities include accounts payable $140,000; notes payable—short-term $80,000 and longterm $120,000; and income taxes payable $40,000. 6. Long-term liabilities are composed solely of 7% bonds payable due 2022. 7. Stockholders’ equity has preferred stock, no par value, authorized 200,000 shares, issued 70,000 shares for $450,000; and common stock, $1.00 par value, authorized 400,000 shares, issued 100,000 shares at an average price of $10. In addition, the corporation has retained earnings of $320,000. Instructions Prepare a balance sheet in good form, adjusting the amounts in each balance sheet classification as affected by the information given above.

When incorporating Spotfree, a cleaning company, Jayne transferred accounts receivable (fair market value $20,000 and $0 tax basis) and $12,000 of accounts payable from her cash-method sole proprietorship to Spotfree in exchange for Spotfree stock valued at $8,000. Assume the transfer qualifies under §351.   a. What are the amount and character of the gain Jayne must recognize on the exchange?  b. What is Jayne's basis in the Spotfree stock she received in the exchange?

On January 1, 2014, Novotna Company purchased $400,000, 8% bonds of Aguirre Co. for $369,114. The bonds were purchased to yield 10% interest. Interest is payable semiannually on July 1 and January 1. The bonds mature on January 1, 2019. Novotna Company uses the effective-interest method to amortize discount or premium. On January 1, 2016, Novotna Company sold the bonds for $370,726 after receiving interest to meet its liquidity needs. Instructions (a) Prepare the journal entry to record the purchase of bonds on January 1. Assume that the bonds are classified as available-for-sale. (b) Prepare the amortization schedule for the bonds. (c) Prepare the journal entries to record the semiannual interest on July 1, 2014, and December 31, 2014. (d) If the fair value of Aguirre bonds is $372,726 on December 31, 2015, prepare the necessary adjusting entry. (Assume the fair value adjustment balance on January 1, 2015, is a debit of $3,375.) (e) Prepare the journal entry to record the sale of the bonds on January 1, 2016.

Solve the previous problem only the servomotor is connected to the leadscrew through a gear box whose reduction ratio = 12:1 (12 revolutions of the motor for each revolution of the leadscrew).

1.            How valuable do you think being a certified PMP is?

Vickie Plato, accounting clerk in the personnel office of Streisand Corp., has begun to compute pension expense for 2016 but is not sure whether or not she should include the amortization of unrecognized gains/losses. She is currently working with the following beginning-of-the-year present values for the projected benefit obligation and market-related values for the pension plan: Projected Plan Benefit Assets Obligation Value 2013 $2,200,000 $1,900,000 2014 2,400,000 2,500,000 2015 2,900,000 2,600,000 2016 3,900,000 3,000,000 The average remaining service life per employee in 2013 and 2014 is 10 years and in 2015 and 2016 is 12 years. The net gain or loss that occurred during each year is as follows. 2013 $280,000 loss 2014 85,000 loss 2015 12,000 loss 2016 25,000 gain (In working the solution, you must aggregate the unrecognized gains and losses to arrive at year-end balances.) Instructions You are the manager in charge of accounting. Write a memo to Vickie Plato, explaining why in some years she must amortize some of the net gains and losses and in other years she does not need to. In order to explain this situation fully, you must compute the amount of net gain or loss that is amortized and charged to pension expense in each of the 4 years listed above. Include an appropriate amortization schedule, referring to it whenever necessary.

1.       : How would you apply systems thinking to a problem such as poor performance in your current academic studies? What about a problem with a romantic partner or family member? For each situation, try to identify all the elements and their interdependencies.

Why do loans that can be prepaid on a moment’s notice complicate the bank’s assessment of interest rate risk? (LO3)

Describe the turning process.