Question & Answer

Sophia recently won a tax case litigated in the 7th Circuit.  She recently heard that the Supreme Court denied the writ of certiorari.  Should she be happy or not, and why?

Draw a diagram like Figure 13.2, only this time assume that the activity has the effect of reducing pollution, with the result that there are marginal external benefits. Identify the socially optimal level of the activity. What would be the level of subsidy required to achieve this level of activity?

1.   Mind your own business and just do your job. The company isn’t breaking any laws, and if Petro-Tech ‘s economic situation doesn’t improve, a lot of people will be thrown out of work.

Instructions Complete the following statements by filling in the blanks. (a) In a period in which a taxable temporary difference reverses, the reversal will cause taxable income to be _______ (less than, greater than) pretax financial income. (b) If a $76,000 balance in Deferred Tax Asset was computed by use of a 40% rate, the underlying cumulative temporary difference amounts to $_______. (c) Deferred taxes ________ (are, are not) recorded to account for permanent differences. (d) If a taxable temporary difference originates in 2014, it will cause taxable income for 2014 to be ________ (less than, greater than) pretax financial income for 2014. (e) If total tax expense is $50,000 and deferred tax expense is $65,000, then the current portion of the expense computation is referred to as current tax _______ (expense, benefit) of $_______. (f) If a corporation’s tax return shows taxable income of $100,000 for Year 2 and a tax rate of 40%, how much will appear on the December 31, Year 2, balance sheet for “Income taxes payable” if the company has made estimated tax payments of $36,500 for Year 2? $________. (g) An increase in the Deferred Tax Liability account on the balance sheet is recorded by a _______ (debit, credit) to the Income Tax Expense account. (h) An income statement that reports current tax expense of $82,000 and deferred tax benefit of $23,000 will report total income tax expense of $________. (i) A valuation account is needed whenever it is judged to be _______ that a portion of a deferred tax asset _______ (will be, will not be) realized. (j) If the tax return shows total taxes due for the period of $75,000 but the income statement shows total income tax expense of $55,000, the difference of $20,000 is referred to as deferred tax _______ (expense, benefit).

You assemble the following information for Seneca Department Store, which computes its inventory under the dollar-value LIFO method. Cost Retail Inventory on January 1, 2014 $216,000 $300,000 Purchases 364,800 480,000 Increase in price level for year 9% Instructions Compute the cost of the inventory on December 31, 2014, assuming that the inventory at retail is (a) $294,300 and (b) $365,150.

1. Explain the shape of the LRMC curve in diagram (d) in Figure 6.12. 2. What would the LRMC curve look like if the LRAC curve were ‘flat bottomed’ as in Figure 6.11?

From Table 29.1, C = 0.92 x 10-4 in3/A-min, cathode efficiency E = 15%. Plated volume V = EC∫Idt = EC∫(12 + 0.2t)dt = EC(12t + 0.1t2) over the range 0 to 20 min. V = 0.15(0.92 x 10-4)(12 x 20 + 0.1(20)2) = 0.00386 in3

Your aunt recently received the annual report for a company in which she has invested. The report notes that the statements have been prepared in accordance with IFRS. She has also heard that certain terms have special meanings in accounting relative to everyday use. She would like you to explain the meaning of terms she has come across related to accounting. Instructions Access the IASB Framework at the IASB website (http://eifrs.iasb.org/ ). (Click on the IFRS tab and then register for free eIFRS access if necessary.) When you have accessed the documents, you can use the search tool in your Internet browser to prepare responses to the following items. (Provide paragraph citations.) (a) How is “materiality” defined in the framework? (b) Briefly discuss how materiality relates to (1) the relevance of financial information, and (2) completeness. (c) Your aunt observes that under IFRS, the financial statements are prepared on the accrual basis. According to the framework, what does “accrual basis” mean?

The financial statements of Marks and Spencer plc (M&S) are available at the book’s companion website or can be accessed at http://annualreport.marksandspencer.com/_assets/downloads/Marksand- Spencer-Annual-report-and-financial-statements-2012.pdf. Instructions Refer to M&S’s financial statements and the accompanying notes to answer the following questions. (a) Using the notes to the consolidated financial statements, determine M&S’s revenue recognition policies. (b) Give two examples of where historical cost information is reported in M&S’s financial statements and related notes. Give two examples of the use of fair value information reported in either the financial statements or related notes. (c) How can we determine that the accounting principles used by M&S are prepared on a basis consistent with those of last year? (d) What is M&S’s accounting policy related to refunds and loyalty schemes? Why does M&S include the accounting for refunds and loyalty schemes in its critical accounting estimates and judgments?

1.       : If talkative men are viewed as powerful and competent, why do you think talkative women are seen as less capable and pushy? Do you think this perception would be different in an organization with a large percentage of female managers at top levels?

How could a bank generate higher income before tax (as a percentage of assets) when its net interest margin has decreased? (LO2)

: Explain how empowerment and engagement approaches can be used to heighten employee motivation.

What is the fair value option? Explain how use of the fair value option reflects application of the fair value principle.

Indicate three reasons why a company might sell its receivables to another company.

Ellison Inc., a manufacturer of steel school lockers, plans to purchase a new punch press for use in its manufacturing process. After contacting the appropriate vendors, the purchasing department received differing terms and options from each vendor. The Engineering Department has determined that each vendor’s punch press is substantially identical and each has a useful life of 20 years. In addition, Engineering has estimated that required year-end maintenance costs will be $1,000 per year for the first 5 years, $2,000 per year for the next 10 years, and $3,000 per year for the last 5 years. Following is each vendor’s sale package. Vendor A: $55,000 cash at time of delivery and 10 year-end payments of $18,000 each. Vendor A offers all its customers the right to purchase at the time of sale a separate 20-year maintenance service contract, under which Vendor A will perform all year-end maintenance at a one-time initial cost of $10,000. Vendor B: Forty semiannual payments of $9,500 each, with the first installment due upon delivery. Vendor B will perform all year-end maintenance for the next 20 years at no extra charge. Vendor C: Full cash price of $150,000 will be due upon delivery. Instructions Assuming that both Vendors A and B will be able to perform the required year-end maintenance, that Ellison’s cost of funds is 10%, and the machine will be purchased on January 1, from which vendor should the press be purchased?

1. What is the opportunity cost of the seventh million units of clothing? 2. If the country moves upward along the curve and produces more food, does this also involve increasing opportunity costs?

Does a rise in potential real income result in a fall in the natural rate of unemployment?

A tensile test is performed to determine the strength constant C and strain-rate sensitivity exponent m in Eq. (18.4) for a certain metal. The temperature at which the test is performed = 500°C. At a strain rate = 12/s, the stress is measured at 160 MPa; and at a strain rate = 250/s, the stress = 300 MPa. (a) Determine C and m. (b) If the temperature were 600°C, what changes would you expect in the values of C and m?

Describe the slip casting process in traditional ceramics processing

Which cutting speed is always lower for a given machining operation, cutting speed for minimum cost or cutting speed for maximum production rate? Why?

Maria Rodriquez and Lynette Kingston are discussing accounting for income taxes. They are currently studying a schedule of taxable and deductible amounts that will arise in the future as a result of existing temporary differences. The schedule is as follows. Future Years 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Taxable income $850,000 Taxable amounts $375,000 $375,000 $375,000 $375,000 Deductible amounts (2,400,000) Enacted tax rate 50% 45% 40% 35% 30% Instructions (a) Explain the concept of future taxable amounts and future deductible amounts as illustrated in the schedule. (b) How do the carryback and carryforward provisions affect the reporting of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities?

Below is the income statement for a British company, Avon Rubber plc. Avon prepares its financial statements in accordance with IFRS.   Instructions (a) Review the Avon Rubber income statement and identify at least three differences between the IFRS income statement and an income statement of a U.S. company as presented in the chapter. (b) Identify any irregular items reported by Avon Rubber. Is the reporting of these irregular items in Avon’s income statement similar to reporting of these items in U.S. companies’ income statements? Explain.

Craig Company asks you to review its December 31, 2014, inventory values and prepare the necessary adjustments to the books. The following information is given to you. 1. Craig uses the periodic method of recording inventory. A physical count reveals $234,890 of inventory on hand at December 31, 2014. 2. Not included in the physical count of inventory is $13,420 of merchandise purchased on December 15 from Browser. This merchandise was shipped f.o.b. shipping point on December 29 and arrived in January. The invoice arrived and was recorded on December 31. 3. Included in inventory is merchandise sold to Champy on December 30, f.o.b. destination. This merchandise was shipped after it was counted. The invoice was prepared and recorded as a sale on account for $12,800 on December 31. The merchandise cost $7,350, and Champy received it on January 3. 4. Included in inventory was merchandise received from Dudley on December 31 with an invoice price of $15,630. The merchandise was shipped f.o.b. destination. The invoice, which has not yet arrived, has not been recorded. 5. Not included in inventory is $8,540 of merchandise purchased from Glowser Industries. This merchandise was received on December 31 after the inventory had been counted. The invoice was received and recorded on December 30. 6. Included in inventory was $10,438 of inventory held by Craig on consignment from Jackel Industries. 7. Included in inventory is merchandise sold to Kemp f.o.b. shipping point. This merchandise was shipped after it was counted. The invoice was prepared and recorded as a sale for $18,900 on December 31. The cost of this merchandise was $10,520, and Kemp received the merchandise on January 5. 8. Excluded from inventory was a carton labeled “Please accept for credit.” This carton contains merchandise costing $1,500 which had been sold to a customer for $2,600. No entry had been made to the books to reflect the return, but none of the returned merchandise seemed damaged. Instructions (a) Determine the proper inventory balance for Craig Company at December 31, 2014. (b) Prepare any correcting entries to adjust inventory to its proper amount at December 31, 2014. Assume the books have not been closed.

Prior Company’s condensed financial statements provide the following information.   Instructions (a) Determine the following for 2014. (1) Current ratio at December 31. (2) Acid-test ratio at December 31. (3) Accounts receivable turnover. (4) Inventory turnover. (5) Return on assets. (6) Profit margin on sales. (b) Prepare a brief evaluation of the financial condition of Prior Company and of the adequacy of its profits.

Consider a turning operation performed on steel whose hardness = 225 HB at a speed = 3.0 m/s, feed = 0.25 mm, and depth = 4.0 mm. Using values of thermal properties found in the tables and definitions of Section 4.1 and the appropriate specific energy value from Table 21.2, compute an estimate of cutting temperature using the Cook equation. Assume ambient temperature = 20°C.