Question & Answer

On January 1, 2014, Norma Smith and Grant Wood formed a computersales and service company in Soapsville, Arkansas, by investing $90,000 cash. The new company,Arkansas Sales and Service, has the following transactions during January. 1. Pays $6,000 in advance for 3 months’ rent of office, showroom, and repair space. 2. Purchases 40 personal computers at a cost of $1,500 each, 6 graphics computers at a cost of $2,500 each, and 25 printers at a cost of $300 each, paying cash upon delivery. 3. Sales, repair, and office employees earn $12,600 in salaries and wages during January, of which $3,000 was still payable at the end of January. 4. Sells 30 personal computers at $2,550 each, 4 graphics computers for $3,600 each, and 15 printers for $500 each; $75,000 is received in cash in January, and $23,400 is sold on a deferred payment basis. 5. Other operating expenses of $8,400 are incurred and paid for during January; $2,000 of incurred expenses are payable at January 31. Instructions (a) Using the transaction data above, prepare (1) a cash-basis income statement and (2) an accrual-basis income statement for the month of January. (b) Using the transaction data above, prepare (1) a cash-basis balance sheet and (2) an accrual-basis balance sheet as of January 31, 2014. (c) Identify the items in the cash-basis financial statements that make cash-basis accounting inconsistent with the theory underlying the elements of financial statements.

What are the limitations on the number and type of shareholders an S corporation may have?  How are these limitations different from restrictions on the number and type of shareholders C corporations or partnerships may have?

Using the same information as in E14-22 and , answer the following questions related to American Bank (creditor). Instructions (a) Compute the loss American Bank will suffer under this new term modification. Prepare the journal entry to record the loss on American’s books. (b) Prepare the interest receipt schedule for American Bank after the debt restructuring. (c) Prepare the interest receipt entry for American Bank on December 31, 2015, 2016, and 2017. (d) What entry should American Bank make on January 1, 2018?

Risk classification Regal Foods is a multi-divisional company operating in a range of locations around the globe. Its product-based divisions are: Ice Cream and Associated Dairy Products, Confectionery, Nutrition, and Prepared Food. Regal has total sales in excess of $10 billion. The CEO, Ruby Day, recently undertook a company review, which identified the following strategies and objectives: • optimising product performance through strong research and development, product innovation and market share growth • enhancing financial performance through financial discipline and targeted capital expenditure.   Divisional managers have traditionally been allowed significant autonomy in line with the decentralised divisional structure. CFO Paul Falkenberg has recently introduced relative performance evaluation (RPE) at the divisional level to promote competitiveness, with the objective of growing the company.   Ice Cream and Associated Dairy Products Division The Ice Cream and Associated Dairy Products Division focuses on such products as ice cream, yoghurt, milk and cheeses. The current divisional manager is Alette Rennie, who has been in the position for the past three years. In that time, Alette has achieved average annual divisional revenue growth of 6 per cent. However, there are concerns about some of the exposures the division has. For example in a recent email to the CFO and CEO, Alette expressed concerns about some of the division’s exposures to the agricultural industry, the increasing global competition in dairy products, and the lack of bargaining power of the company in the local milk price wars.   Nutrition Division The Nutrition Division focuses on health-related products. Historically, the Nutrition Division has been an excellent contributor to group performance, with annual growth rates of up to 12 per cent for the period 2006 to 2012, and revenues exceeding $2 billion. However, divisional manager Bruce Buncle has found it increasingly difficult to maintain growth. An increasingly crowded market for health and nutritional products seems to be the main driver of these difficulties. As a consequence, debt levels of the division seem to be rising. However, Buncle is conscious that he needs to develop new products and markets in line with company objectives.   Buncle and his management team have been considering a range of investment opportunities and have decided on a major investment in the bottled water industry. While the industry has its challenges (for example, environmental opposition to the use of plastic bottles, tightening environmental regulations and the expectation of reduced carbon emissions), Buncle and his management team see a lot of potential with such a strategic move. However, where significant capital expenditure is required, Buncle finds the company investment decision-making processes frustrating.   The management team within the Nutrition Division has identified a new spring water source in a regional area. The local authorities are in favour of the springs being used to supply the Nutrition Division with spring water for a new water bottling plant to be built in the region. In fact, the local authorities are willing to forgo local taxes and provide subsidies to Regal to ensure the plant is built. The region has experienced relatively high levels of unemployment in recent years and the new plant will generate some 100 local new jobs. While there is some local opposition to the new facility on environmental grounds, Buncle considers these to be manageable. While he knows the project’s financial benefit is mainly after the third year, he knows that the investment is a good strategic move for his division.   Required Using the risk classification framework (strategic, operational, legal and regulatory, and financial) identify the key risks to which Regal and its divisions are exposed. (LO6)

Why might the predictions of the rational choice model generally approximate human behaviour in many situations?

Robert and Keisha invited Bijan to join them in forming Aero, a plane-chartering company, as a corporation. Bijan did not want to join at the time and declined their invitation. More than a year later, Bijan changed his mind and transferred appreciated property to Aero in exchange for 45 percent of Aero stock. Is Bijan required to recognize his realized gain on the transaction?

As the recently appointed auditor for William J. Bryan Corporation, you have been asked to examine selected accounts before the 6-month financial statements of June 30, 2014, are prepared. The controller for William J. Bryan Corporation mentions that only one account is kept for intangible assets. The account is shown below. Intangible Assets Debit Credit Balance Jan. 4 Research and development costs 940,000 940,000 Jan. 5 Legal costs to obtain patent 75,000 1,015,000 Jan. 31 Payment of 7 months’ rent on property 91,000 1,106,000 leased by Bryan Feb. 11 Premium on common stock 250,000 856,000 March 31 Unamortized bond discount on bonds 84,000 940,000 due March 31, 2034 April 30 Promotional expenses related to 207,000 1,147,000 start-up of business June 30 Operating losses for fi rst 6 months 241,000 1,388,000 Instructions Prepare the entry or entries necessary to correct this account. Assume that the patent has a useful life of 10 years.

Compare and contrast for and from AGI deductions. Why are for AGI deductions likely more valuable to taxpayers than from AGI deductions?

Oregon Co. had purchased 200 shares of Washington Co. for $40 each this year and classified the investment as a trading security. Oregon Co. sold 100 shares of the stock for $45 each. At year-end, the price per share of the Washington Co. stock had dropped to $35. Instructions Prepare the journal entries for these transactions and any year-end adjustments.

One common argument for imposing so-called sin taxes is the social goal of reducing demand for such products.  Using cigarettes as an example, is there a segment of the population that might be sensitive to price and for whom high taxes might discourage purchases?

Presented below is information related to equipment owned by Suarez Company at December 31, 2014. Cost $9,000,000 Accumulated depreciation to date 1,000,000 Expected future net cash fl ows 7,000,000 Fair value 4,800,000 Assume that Suarez will continue to use this asset in the future. As of December 31, 2014, the equipment has a remaining useful life of 4 years. Instructions (a) Prepare the journal entry (if any) to record the impairment of the asset at December 31, 2014. (b) Prepare the journal entry to record depreciation expense for 2015. (c) The fair value of the equipment at December 31, 2015, is $5,100,000. Prepare the journal entry (if any) necessary to record this increase in fair value.

Rasheed Wallace Company lost most of its inventory in a fire in December just before the year-end physical inventory was taken. The corporation’s books disclosed the following. Beginning inventory $170,000 Sales revenue $650,000 Purchases for the year 390,000 Sales returns 24,000 Purchase returns 30,000 Rate of gross profi t on net sales 40% Merchandise with a selling price of $21,000 remained undamaged after the fire. Damaged merchandise with an original selling price of $15,000 had a net realizable value of $5,300. Instructions Compute the amount of the loss as a result of the fire, assuming that the corporation had no insurance coverage.

Recording transactions in the accounting system requires knowledge of the important characteristics of the elements of financial statements, such as assets and liabilities. In addition, accountants must understand the inherent uncertainty in accounting measures and distinctions between related accounting concepts that are important in evaluating the effects of transactions on the financial statements. Instructions Access the IASB Framework at the IASB website (http://eifrs.iasb.org/). (Click on the IFRS tab and then register for free eIFRS access if necessary.) When you have accessed the documents, you can use the search tool in your Internet browser to respond to the following items. (Provide paragraph citations.) (a) Provide the definition of an asset and discuss how the economic benefits embodied in an asset might flow to a company. (b) Provide the definition of a liability and discuss how a company might satisfy a liability. (c) What is “accrual basis”? How do adjusting entries illustrate application of the accrual basis?

The financial statements of Marks and Spencer plc (M&S) are available at the book’s companion website or can be accessed at http://annualreport.marksandspencer.com/_assets/downloads/Marksand- Spencer-Annual-report-and-financial-statements-2012.pdf. Instructions Refer to M&S’s financial statements and the accompanying notes to answer the following questions. (a) What were M&S’s total assets at 31 March 2012? At 2 April 2011? (b) How much cash (and cash equivalents) did M&S have on 31 March 2012? (c) What were M&S’s selling and marketing expenses in 2012? In 2011? (d) What were M&S’s revenues in 2012? In 2011? (e) Using M&S’s financial statements and related notes, identify items that may result in adjusting entries for prepayments and accruals. (f) What were the amounts of M&S’s depreciation and amortization expense in 2011 and 2012?

A p chart is to be constructed. Six samples of 25 parts each have been collected, and the average number of defects per sample was 2.75. Determine the center, LCL and UCL for the p chart.

In examining the costs of pension plans, Helen Kaufman, CPA, encounters certain terms. The components of pension costs that the terms represent must be dealt with appropriately if generally accepted accounting principles are to be reflected in the financial statements of entities with pension plans. Instructions (a) (1) Discuss the theoretical justification for accrual recognition of pension costs. (2) Discuss the relative objectivity of the measurement process of accrual versus cash (pay-as-yougo) accounting for annual pension costs. (b) Explain the following terms as they apply to accounting for pension plans. (1) Market-related asset value. (2) Projected benefit obligation. (3) Corridor approach. (c) What information should be disclosed about a company’s pension plans in its financial statements and its notes?

During its first year of operations, Collin Raye Corporation had the following transactions pertaining to its common stock. Jan. 10 Issued 80,000 shares for cash at $6 per share. Mar. 1 Issued 5,000 shares to attorneys in payment of a bill for $35,000 for services rendered in helping the company to incorporate. July 1 Issued 30,000 shares for cash at $8 per share. Sept. 1 Issued 60,000 shares for cash at $10 per share. Instructions (a) Prepare the journal entries for these transactions, assuming that the common stock has a par value of $5 per share. (b) Prepare the journal entries for these transactions, assuming that the common stock is no-par with a stated value of $3 per share.

Why are the molds generally more costly in mechanical thermoforming than in pressure or vacuum thermoforming?

Larry recently invested $20,000 (tax basis) in purchasing a limited partnership interest. His at-risk amount is also $20,000. In addition, Larry’s share of the limited partnership loss for the year is $2,000, his share of income from a different limited partnership was $1,000, and he had $3,000 of dividend income from the stock he owns. How much of Larry’s $2,000 loss from the limited partnership can he deduct in the current year?

Data for Anita Baker Company are presented in E23-18. Instructions Prepare entries in journal form for all adjustments that should be made on a worksheet for a statement of cash flows.

Instructions Go to the book’s companion website and use information found there to answer the following questions related to The Coca-Cola Company and PepsiCo, Inc. (a) Which company had the greater percentage increase in total assets from 2010 to 2011? (b) Using the Selected Financial Data section of these two companies, determine their 5-year average growth rates related to net sales and income from continuing operations. (c) Which company had more depreciation and amortization expense for 2011? Provide a rationale as to why there is a difference in these amounts between the two companies.

Explain the role of the SEC, FINRA, and the stock exchanges in regulating the securities industry. (LO2)

A true centrifugal casting operation is to be performed in a horizontal configuration to make cast iron pipe sections. The sections will have a length = 42.0 in, outside diameter = 8.0 in, and wall thickness = 0.50 in. If the rotational speed of the pipe = 500 rev/min, determine the G-factor. Is the operation likely to be successful?

Describe the accounting entry for a stock dividend, if any. Describe the accounting entry for a stock split, if any.

Why will the multiplier effect of government transfer payments such as child benefit, pensions and social security be less than the full multiplier effect given by government expenditure on goods and services. Will this ‘transfer payments multiplier’ be the same as the tax multiplier? (Clue: will the recipients of such benefits have the same mpcd as the average person?)